MICHAEL C. LeMAY is Professor and Chairman, Department of Political Science, and Director, National Security Studies Program, California State University, San Bernardino. Among his earlier publications are From Open Door to Dutch Door and The Gatekeepers (Praeger, 1987 and 1989, respectively).

• Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Problem Formation/Agenda Setting--The Illegal Alien Influx and the Crisis of Border Control Changes in Immigration Law, 1965 The Dynamic Flow of Immigration: The Changing Nature of the Influx in the 1970s The "Flood" of Illegal Aliens The Crisis of Border Control Policy Formulation--A New Approach to Immigration Policy Beginnings of the Employer Sanctions Approach to Immigration Policy The Impact of SCIRP--The Legitimization of the Duality of Employer Sanctions/Legalization The Simpson-Mazzoli-Rodino Proposals Policy Adoption--The Passage of IRCA, 1986 Critical Compromises: The Enactment of IRCA in 1986 A Summary of IRCA Split Congressional Voting Blocs Explaining Enactment--Conflictual versus Integrative Bargaining Congressional Policy Strategies and Intent Policy Implementation--Putting IRCA into Action Introduction The Accomplishments of Implementing IRCA Difficulties in the INS Implementation of IRCA Intergovernmental Aspects of IRCA Non-Governmental Agencies and IRCA Policy Evaluation--An Initial Assessment Introduction Employer Sanctions and Discrimination The Legalization Programs Improving the INS/Border Patrol Unanticipated Consequences Conclusion, Immigration Policy for the 1990s Introduction Current Proposals for Immigration Policy Reform The Immigration Act of 1990 Implications for Future Policy Action Insights into the Policy Process Appendix I: List of Interviewees Appendix II: The Roll Call Votes Enacting IRCA Appendix III: Analysis of Hispanic Caucus Members Votes on IRCA Appendix IV: The Roll Call Votes Act of 1990 Appendix V: IRCA Questionnaires Bibliography Index

MICHAEL C. LeMAY is Professor and Chairman, Department of Political Science, and Director, National Security Studies Program, California State University, San Bernardino. Among his earlier publications are From Open Door to Dutch Door and The Gatekeepers (Praeger, 1987 and 1989, respectively).

• Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Problem Formation/Agenda Setting--The Illegal Alien Influx and the Crisis of Border Control Changes in Immigration Law, 1965 The Dynamic Flow of Immigration: The Changing Nature of the Influx in the 1970s The "Flood" of Illegal Aliens The Crisis of Border Control Policy Formulation--A New Approach to Immigration Policy Beginnings of the Employer Sanctions Approach to Immigration Policy The Impact of SCIRP--The Legitimization of the Duality of Employer Sanctions/Legalization The Simpson-Mazzoli-Rodino Proposals Policy Adoption--The Passage of IRCA, 1986 Critical Compromises: The Enactment of IRCA in 1986 A Summary of IRCA Split Congressional Voting Blocs Explaining Enactment--Conflictual versus Integrative Bargaining Congressional Policy Strategies and Intent Policy Implementation--Putting IRCA into Action Introduction The Accomplishments of Implementing IRCA Difficulties in the INS Implementation of IRCA Intergovernmental Aspects of IRCA Non-Governmental Agencies and IRCA Policy Evaluation--An Initial Assessment Introduction Employer Sanctions and Discrimination The Legalization Programs Improving the INS/Border Patrol Unanticipated Consequences Conclusion, Immigration Policy for the 1990s Introduction Current Proposals for Immigration Policy Reform The Immigration Act of 1990 Implications for Future Policy Action Insights into the Policy Process Appendix I: List of Interviewees Appendix II: The Roll Call Votes Enacting IRCA Appendix III: Analysis of Hispanic Caucus Members Votes on IRCA Appendix IV: The Roll Call Votes Act of 1990 Appendix V: IRCA Questionnaires Bibliography Index

MICHAEL C. LeMAY is Professor and Chairman, Department of Political Science, and Director, National Security Studies Program, California State University, San Bernardino. Among his earlier publications are From Open Door to Dutch Door and The Gatekeepers (Praeger, 1987 and 1989, respectively).

• Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Problem Formation/Agenda Setting--The Illegal Alien Influx and the Crisis of Border Control Changes in Immigration Law, 1965 The Dynamic Flow of Immigration: The Changing Nature of the Influx in the 1970s The "Flood" of Illegal Aliens The Crisis of Border Control Policy Formulation--A New Approach to Immigration Policy Beginnings of the Employer Sanctions Approach to Immigration Policy The Impact of SCIRP--The Legitimization of the Duality of Employer Sanctions/Legalization The Simpson-Mazzoli-Rodino Proposals Policy Adoption--The Passage of IRCA, 1986 Critical Compromises: The Enactment of IRCA in 1986 A Summary of IRCA Split Congressional Voting Blocs Explaining Enactment--Conflictual versus Integrative Bargaining Congressional Policy Strategies and Intent Policy Implementation--Putting IRCA into Action Introduction The Accomplishments of Implementing IRCA Difficulties in the INS Implementation of IRCA Intergovernmental Aspects of IRCA Non-Governmental Agencies and IRCA Policy Evaluation--An Initial Assessment Introduction Employer Sanctions and Discrimination The Legalization Programs Improving the INS/Border Patrol Unanticipated Consequences Conclusion, Immigration Policy for the 1990s Introduction Current Proposals for Immigration Policy Reform The Immigration Act of 1990 Implications for Future Policy Action Insights into the Policy Process Appendix I: List of Interviewees Appendix II: The Roll Call Votes Enacting IRCA Appendix III: Analysis of Hispanic Caucus Members Votes on IRCA Appendix IV: The Roll Call Votes Act of 1990 Appendix V: IRCA Questionnaires Bibliography Index