This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Analysis of Images, Social Networks and Texts, AIST 2016, held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in April 2016.The 23 full papers, 7 short papers, and 3 industrial papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 142 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on machine learning and data analysis; social networks; natural language processing; analysis of images and video.