Phillip I. Lieberman, Ph.D. (2007), Princeton University, is Associate Professor of Jewish Studies at Vanderbilt University. He has published monographs, edited collections, and translations on Jewish life in the medieval Islamic world, most recently The Fate of the Jews in the Early Islamic Near East (Cambridge University Press, 2022)Miriam Frenkel, Ph.D. (2000), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, is Professor of Jewish History at that university and Head of the Ben Zvi Institute. Her most recent book is The Compassionate and Benevolent; Jewish Ruling Elites in the Medieval Islamicate World (De Gruyter, 2021).