Petra Schönemann-Behrens, Dr. phil. (2004), is a teacher of history, ethics and German at Gymnasium Wildeshausen near Oldenburg, Germany. She has published articles on historical peace research, mainly on A. H. Fried, and contributed to various radio and TV programs on this topic.Edward T. Larkin, Ph.D. (1986), is Professor Emeritus of German at the University of New Hampshire (USA). In addition to having published numerous articles on major German and Austrian authors, he has also published six book-length translations.Thomas B. Ahrens, Ph.D. (1998), is Director of Convocations at Berea College (USA). A long-time college educator and academic author, he has published translations of Austrian authors in the refereed online journal No Man’s Land as well as two novels.

• ForewordPrefaceAcknowledgments1 Childhood and Youth1The Early Years2Apprenticeship with a Bookseller and Fried’s First Experiences of Pacifism2 The Berlin Years 1884–19031From Apprentice Bookseller to Publisher2Alfred H. Fried and Company3The Path to the Peace Movement4Experiments4.1Fried’s Hygienic Trash Collection and Removal Apparatus4.2The Self-Dating Envelope4.3An Election Atlas4.4Supplemental Encyclopedia5The Conference at The Hague 18995.1The Founding of the Friedens-Warte in 18996Consolidation Attempts around 19006.1Esperanto7Flight from Berlin (1903)3 The Vienna Years, 1903–19151A Reluctant Return Home2Fried, von Suttner, and the Austrian Peace Society3Work as a Journalist to 19074Impulses from the Hague5The Foundations of Revolutionary Pacifism, 19086Integration and Recognition7The Association of International Understanding8Nobel Peace Prize in 1911 and Honorary Doctorate in 19139Before the Great War4 In Swiss Exile 1914/15–19191The Move to Berne21916: In the Crossfire of the Critics3Swiss Exile from 1917 to the End of the War4After the War – the Final Months in Switzerland5 Everywhere a Foreigner1Back to Vienna, via Munich2Final Works and Plans3Obituaries and Testimonials6 Survivors and Successors1Therese Fried2Fried and German Pacifism after 19217 Die Friedens-Warte1The First Years 1899–19042Consolidation Phase 1904–19093Period of Growth, 1910–19144War Censorship and the Path into Exile5Die Friedens-Warte in Swiss Exile6The Friedens-Warte after the War, 1918–19197The Conflict over Succession, 1921–19248The Friedens-Warte under Hans Wehberg, 1924 – 19629A New Beginning in 1974EpilogueAppendix 1: To my beloved wifeAppendix 2: Program of Revolutionary Pacifism, 1908BibliographyIndex

Petra Schönemann-Behrens, Dr. phil. (2004), is a teacher of history, ethics and German at Gymnasium Wildeshausen near Oldenburg, Germany. She has published articles on historical peace research, mainly on A. H. Fried, and contributed to various radio and TV programs on this topic.Edward T. Larkin, Ph.D. (1986), is Professor Emeritus of German at the University of New Hampshire (USA). In addition to having published numerous articles on major German and Austrian authors, he has also published six book-length translations.Thomas B. Ahrens, Ph.D. (1998), is Director of Convocations at Berea College (USA). A long-time college educator and academic author, he has published translations of Austrian authors in the refereed online journal No Man’s Land as well as two novels.

• ForewordPrefaceAcknowledgments1 Childhood and Youth1The Early Years2Apprenticeship with a Bookseller and Fried’s First Experiences of Pacifism2 The Berlin Years 1884–19031From Apprentice Bookseller to Publisher2Alfred H. Fried and Company3The Path to the Peace Movement4Experiments4.1Fried’s Hygienic Trash Collection and Removal Apparatus4.2The Self-Dating Envelope4.3An Election Atlas4.4Supplemental Encyclopedia5The Conference at The Hague 18995.1The Founding of the Friedens-Warte in 18996Consolidation Attempts around 19006.1Esperanto7Flight from Berlin (1903)3 The Vienna Years, 1903–19151A Reluctant Return Home2Fried, von Suttner, and the Austrian Peace Society3Work as a Journalist to 19074Impulses from the Hague5The Foundations of Revolutionary Pacifism, 19086Integration and Recognition7The Association of International Understanding8Nobel Peace Prize in 1911 and Honorary Doctorate in 19139Before the Great War4 In Swiss Exile 1914/15–19191The Move to Berne21916: In the Crossfire of the Critics3Swiss Exile from 1917 to the End of the War4After the War – the Final Months in Switzerland5 Everywhere a Foreigner1Back to Vienna, via Munich2Final Works and Plans3Obituaries and Testimonials6 Survivors and Successors1Therese Fried2Fried and German Pacifism after 19217 Die Friedens-Warte1The First Years 1899–19042Consolidation Phase 1904–19093Period of Growth, 1910–19144War Censorship and the Path into Exile5Die Friedens-Warte in Swiss Exile6The Friedens-Warte after the War, 1918–19197The Conflict over Succession, 1921–19248The Friedens-Warte under Hans Wehberg, 1924 – 19629A New Beginning in 1974EpilogueAppendix 1: To my beloved wifeAppendix 2: Program of Revolutionary Pacifism, 1908BibliographyIndex

Petra Schönemann-Behrens, Dr. phil. (2004), is a teacher of history, ethics and German at Gymnasium Wildeshausen near Oldenburg, Germany. She has published articles on historical peace research, mainly on A. H. Fried, and contributed to various radio and TV programs on this topic.Edward T. Larkin, Ph.D. (1986), is Professor Emeritus of German at the University of New Hampshire (USA). In addition to having published numerous articles on major German and Austrian authors, he has also published six book-length translations.Thomas B. Ahrens, Ph.D. (1998), is Director of Convocations at Berea College (USA). A long-time college educator and academic author, he has published translations of Austrian authors in the refereed online journal No Man’s Land as well as two novels.

• ForewordPrefaceAcknowledgments1 Childhood and Youth1The Early Years2Apprenticeship with a Bookseller and Fried’s First Experiences of Pacifism2 The Berlin Years 1884–19031From Apprentice Bookseller to Publisher2Alfred H. Fried and Company3The Path to the Peace Movement4Experiments4.1Fried’s Hygienic Trash Collection and Removal Apparatus4.2The Self-Dating Envelope4.3An Election Atlas4.4Supplemental Encyclopedia5The Conference at The Hague 18995.1The Founding of the Friedens-Warte in 18996Consolidation Attempts around 19006.1Esperanto7Flight from Berlin (1903)3 The Vienna Years, 1903–19151A Reluctant Return Home2Fried, von Suttner, and the Austrian Peace Society3Work as a Journalist to 19074Impulses from the Hague5The Foundations of Revolutionary Pacifism, 19086Integration and Recognition7The Association of International Understanding8Nobel Peace Prize in 1911 and Honorary Doctorate in 19139Before the Great War4 In Swiss Exile 1914/15–19191The Move to Berne21916: In the Crossfire of the Critics3Swiss Exile from 1917 to the End of the War4After the War – the Final Months in Switzerland5 Everywhere a Foreigner1Back to Vienna, via Munich2Final Works and Plans3Obituaries and Testimonials6 Survivors and Successors1Therese Fried2Fried and German Pacifism after 19217 Die Friedens-Warte1The First Years 1899–19042Consolidation Phase 1904–19093Period of Growth, 1910–19144War Censorship and the Path into Exile5Die Friedens-Warte in Swiss Exile6The Friedens-Warte after the War, 1918–19197The Conflict over Succession, 1921–19248The Friedens-Warte under Hans Wehberg, 1924 – 19629A New Beginning in 1974EpilogueAppendix 1: To my beloved wifeAppendix 2: Program of Revolutionary Pacifism, 1908BibliographyIndex