Harry Ritter is Emeritus Professor of History at Western Washington University, where he taught from 1969 to 2010. He is the author of Washington’s History: The People, Land, and Events of the North Country and Alaska’s History: The People, Land, and Events of the North Country. Harry lives in Bellingham, Washington.

• ALASKA: THE GREAT LAND1. Alaska, Past and PresentNATIVE TRADITIONS2. Alaska’s First Peoples 3. Baidarka: The Unangâx Way 4. Inua: The Eskimo World 5. Athabascans of the Interior 6. People of the Rain Forest: Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian7. Crossroads of Cultures: Alutiiq/Sugpiaq Heritage in Alaska’s GulfRUSSIAN AMERICA: THE FORGOTTEN FRONTIER8. Promyshlenniki and the Russian Fur Trade9. First Contacts: The Voyages of Bering and Chirikov10. In the Russians’ Wake: British and French Explorers11. Malaspina and the Spanish Incursions12. Lord of Alaska: Alexander Baranov13. Apostle of Alaska: Father Ivan Veniaminov14. Yankee WhalersEXPLORERS, ADVENTURERS, AND NATURALISTS: AMERICA’S NEW FRONTIER15. Seward’s Folly16. Pursuing Manifest Destiny17. The Fur Seal Rush18. Rumrunners of the Inside Passage19. Sheldon Jackson: Christian Soldier of the Great Land20. John Muir and Glacier Bay21. Gold Fever Before the Klondike Strike 22. The Klondike Stampede 23. Stirring Days in Skagway 24. New Eldorados: Nome and Fairbanks25. The Yukon: Highway to the Interior26. Frontier Tourism: Alaska with BaedekerALASKA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: FROM TERRITORY TO STATEHOOD27. After ’9828. Pioneer Judge: James W. Wickersham29. A Young Girl’s Fairbanks30. King Copper31. Anchorage and the Iron Horse32. Bush Pilots33. The “Thousand-Mile War”: The Aleutian Campaign of World War II34. The “Military Rush” and the Alaska Highway35. The Politics of StatehoodGEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND NATURAL EXTREMES 36. Not One Land, But Many37. Arc of Fire: Volcanoes of the Great Land38. Earthquakes and Tsunamis39. Mountaineers and Denali40. Sydney Laurence and the Northern Landscape41. New Deal Agriculture: The Matanuska Experiment42. Sled Dogs and the IditarodECONOMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT43. Growth, Conservation, Preservation: Alaska’s Essential Tension 44. The Story of Salmon45. The Fishing Industry 46. Hunting in Alaska 47. Alaska’s Marine Highway 48. The Oil Boom 49. The Spill50. Coming to Terms with Native Land Claims 51. Pride and Prejudice52. Caribou and North Country Politics PRESERVING THE GREAT LAND 53. Renewed Traditions: The Renaissance of Native Arts 54. Last Frontier or Lasting Frontier? 55. ANCSA and its Discontents56. The State of AlaskaRelated ReadingIndex

Harry Ritter is Emeritus Professor of History at Western Washington University, where he taught from 1969 to 2010. He is the author of Washington’s History: The People, Land, and Events of the North Country and Alaska’s History: The People, Land, and Events of the North Country. Harry lives in Bellingham, Washington.

• ALASKA: THE GREAT LAND1. Alaska, Past and PresentNATIVE TRADITIONS2. Alaska’s First Peoples 3. Baidarka: The Unangâx Way 4. Inua: The Eskimo World 5. Athabascans of the Interior 6. People of the Rain Forest: Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian7. Crossroads of Cultures: Alutiiq/Sugpiaq Heritage in Alaska’s GulfRUSSIAN AMERICA: THE FORGOTTEN FRONTIER8. Promyshlenniki and the Russian Fur Trade9. First Contacts: The Voyages of Bering and Chirikov10. In the Russians’ Wake: British and French Explorers11. Malaspina and the Spanish Incursions12. Lord of Alaska: Alexander Baranov13. Apostle of Alaska: Father Ivan Veniaminov14. Yankee WhalersEXPLORERS, ADVENTURERS, AND NATURALISTS: AMERICA’S NEW FRONTIER15. Seward’s Folly16. Pursuing Manifest Destiny17. The Fur Seal Rush18. Rumrunners of the Inside Passage19. Sheldon Jackson: Christian Soldier of the Great Land20. John Muir and Glacier Bay21. Gold Fever Before the Klondike Strike 22. The Klondike Stampede 23. Stirring Days in Skagway 24. New Eldorados: Nome and Fairbanks25. The Yukon: Highway to the Interior26. Frontier Tourism: Alaska with BaedekerALASKA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: FROM TERRITORY TO STATEHOOD27. After ’9828. Pioneer Judge: James W. Wickersham29. A Young Girl’s Fairbanks30. King Copper31. Anchorage and the Iron Horse32. Bush Pilots33. The “Thousand-Mile War”: The Aleutian Campaign of World War II34. The “Military Rush” and the Alaska Highway35. The Politics of StatehoodGEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND NATURAL EXTREMES 36. Not One Land, But Many37. Arc of Fire: Volcanoes of the Great Land38. Earthquakes and Tsunamis39. Mountaineers and Denali40. Sydney Laurence and the Northern Landscape41. New Deal Agriculture: The Matanuska Experiment42. Sled Dogs and the IditarodECONOMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT43. Growth, Conservation, Preservation: Alaska’s Essential Tension 44. The Story of Salmon45. The Fishing Industry 46. Hunting in Alaska 47. Alaska’s Marine Highway 48. The Oil Boom 49. The Spill50. Coming to Terms with Native Land Claims 51. Pride and Prejudice52. Caribou and North Country Politics PRESERVING THE GREAT LAND 53. Renewed Traditions: The Renaissance of Native Arts 54. Last Frontier or Lasting Frontier? 55. ANCSA and its Discontents56. The State of AlaskaRelated ReadingIndex

Harry Ritter is Emeritus Professor of History at Western Washington University, where he taught from 1969 to 2010. He is the author of Washington’s History: The People, Land, and Events of the North Country and Alaska’s History: The People, Land, and Events of the North Country. Harry lives in Bellingham, Washington.

• ALASKA: THE GREAT LAND1. Alaska, Past and PresentNATIVE TRADITIONS2. Alaska’s First Peoples 3. Baidarka: The Unangâx Way 4. Inua: The Eskimo World 5. Athabascans of the Interior 6. People of the Rain Forest: Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian7. Crossroads of Cultures: Alutiiq/Sugpiaq Heritage in Alaska’s GulfRUSSIAN AMERICA: THE FORGOTTEN FRONTIER8. Promyshlenniki and the Russian Fur Trade9. First Contacts: The Voyages of Bering and Chirikov10. In the Russians’ Wake: British and French Explorers11. Malaspina and the Spanish Incursions12. Lord of Alaska: Alexander Baranov13. Apostle of Alaska: Father Ivan Veniaminov14. Yankee WhalersEXPLORERS, ADVENTURERS, AND NATURALISTS: AMERICA’S NEW FRONTIER15. Seward’s Folly16. Pursuing Manifest Destiny17. The Fur Seal Rush18. Rumrunners of the Inside Passage19. Sheldon Jackson: Christian Soldier of the Great Land20. John Muir and Glacier Bay21. Gold Fever Before the Klondike Strike 22. The Klondike Stampede 23. Stirring Days in Skagway 24. New Eldorados: Nome and Fairbanks25. The Yukon: Highway to the Interior26. Frontier Tourism: Alaska with BaedekerALASKA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: FROM TERRITORY TO STATEHOOD27. After ’9828. Pioneer Judge: James W. Wickersham29. A Young Girl’s Fairbanks30. King Copper31. Anchorage and the Iron Horse32. Bush Pilots33. The “Thousand-Mile War”: The Aleutian Campaign of World War II34. The “Military Rush” and the Alaska Highway35. The Politics of StatehoodGEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND NATURAL EXTREMES 36. Not One Land, But Many37. Arc of Fire: Volcanoes of the Great Land38. Earthquakes and Tsunamis39. Mountaineers and Denali40. Sydney Laurence and the Northern Landscape41. New Deal Agriculture: The Matanuska Experiment42. Sled Dogs and the IditarodECONOMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT43. Growth, Conservation, Preservation: Alaska’s Essential Tension 44. The Story of Salmon45. The Fishing Industry 46. Hunting in Alaska 47. Alaska’s Marine Highway 48. The Oil Boom 49. The Spill50. Coming to Terms with Native Land Claims 51. Pride and Prejudice52. Caribou and North Country Politics PRESERVING THE GREAT LAND 53. Renewed Traditions: The Renaissance of Native Arts 54. Last Frontier or Lasting Frontier? 55. ANCSA and its Discontents56. The State of AlaskaRelated ReadingIndex