Aircraft Fuel Systems

Roy Langton has recently retired from his position as Vice-President, Engineering & Integrity at Parker Aerospace, where he was responsible for internal seminars & training into feedback control.

• Acknowledgements xiii List of Acronyms xvSeries Preface xix1 Introduction 11.1 Review of Fuel Systems Issues 21.2 The Fuel System Design and Development Process 111.3 Fuel System Examples and Future Technologies 151.4 Terminology 152 Fuel System Design Drivers 192.1 Design Drivers 212.2 Identification and Mitigation of Safety Risks 273 Fuel Storage 313.1 Tank Geometry and Location Issues for Commercial Aircraft 323.2 Operational Considerations 363.3 Fuel Tank Venting 413.4 Military Aircraft Fuel Storage Issues 453.5 Maintenance Considerations 494 Fuel System Functions of Commercial Aircraft 534.1 Refueling and Defueling 544.2 Engine and APU Feed 594.3 Fuel Transfer 704.4 Fuel Jettison 734.5 Fuel Quantity Gauging 764.6 Fuel Management and Control 844.7 Ancillary Systems 935 Fuel System Functions of Military Aircraft and Helicopters 975.1 Refueling and Defueling 985.2 Engine and APU Feed 1035.3 Fuel Transfer 1045.4 Aerial Refueling 1065.5 Fuel Measurement and Management Systems in Military Applications 1125.6 Helicopter Fuel Systems 1166 Fluid Mechanical Equipment 1196.1 Ground Refueling and Defueling Equipment 1206.2 Fuel Tank Venting and Pressurization Equipment 1336.3 Aerial Refueling Equipment 1376.4 Equipment Sizing 1426.5 Fuel Pumps 1437 Fuel Measurement and Management Equipment 1577.1 Fuel Gauging Sensor Technology 1587.2 Harnesses 1957.3 Avionics Equipment 1978 Fuel Properties 2038.1 The Refinement Process 2038.2 Fuel Specification Properties of Interest 2058.3 Operational Considerations 2099 Intrinsic Safety, Electro Magnetics and Electrostatics 2159.1 Intrinsic Safety 2169.2 Lightning 2179.3 EMI/HIRF 22110 Fuel Tank Inerting 22510.1 Early Military Inerting Systems 22510.2 Current Technology Inerting Systems 22910.3 Design Considerations for Open Vent Systems 23510.4 Operational Issues with Permeable Membrane Inerting Systems 23611 Design Development and Certification 23911.1 Evolution of the Design and Development Process 23911.2 System Design and Development – a Disciplined Methodology 24311.3 Program Management 24811.4 Maturity Management 25411.5 Installation Considerations 25611.6 Modeling and Simulation 25911.7 Certification 26311.8 Fuel System Icing Tests 26812 Fuel System Design Examples 27112.1 The Bombardier Global Express 27212.2 Embraer 170/190 Regional Jet 28012.3 The Boeing 777Wide-Bodied Airliner 28812.4 The Airbus A380Wide-Bodied Airliner 30112.5 The Anglo-French Concorde 31513 New and Future Technologies 32713.1 Fuel Measurement and Management 32713.2 Fluid Mechanical Equipment Technology 33113.3 Aerial Refueling Operations 338References 339Index 341