AI for Good

JUAN M. LAVISTA FERRES, PHD, MS, is the Microsoft Chief Data Scientist and the Director of the AI for Good Lab at Microsoft.WILLIAM B. WEEKS, MD, PHD, MBA, is the Director of AI for Health at Microsoft.

• Foreword xixBrad Smith, Vice Chair and President of MicrosoftIntroduction xxiiiWilliam B. Weeks, MD, PhD, MBAA Call to Action xxviJuan M. Lavista FerresPart I: Primer on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 1Chapter 1: What Is Artificial Intelligence and How Can It Be Used for Good? 3William B. WeeksWhat Is Artificial Intelligence? 5What If Artificial Intelligence Were Used to Improve Societal Good? 6Chapter 2: Artificial Intelligence: Its Application and Limitations 9Juan M. Lavista FerresWhy Now? 11The Challenges and Lessons Learned from Using Artificial Intelligence 13Large Language Models 24Chapter 3: Commonly Used Processes and Terms 33William B. Weeks and Juan M. Lavista FerresCommon Processes 33Commonly Used Measures 35The Structure of the Book 37Part II: Sustainability 39Chapter 4: Deep Learning with Geospatial Data 41Caleb Robinson, Anthony Ortiz, Simone Fobi Nsutezo, Amrita Gupta, Girmaw Adebe Tadesse, Akram Zaytar, and Gilles Quentin HachemeExecutive Summary 41Why Is This Important? 42Methods Used 43Findings 44Discussion 46What We Learned 46Chapter 5: Nature-Dependent Tourism 48Darren Tanner and Mark SpaldingExecutive Summary 48Why Is This Important? 49Methods Used 50Findings 52Discussion 52What We Learned 55Chapter 6: Wildlife Bioacoustics Detection 57Zhongqi MiaoExecutive Summary 57Why Is This Important? 58Methods Used 59Findings 61Discussion 64What We Learned 65Chapter 7: Using Satellites to Monitor Whales from Space 66Caleb Robinson, Kim Goetz, and Christin KhanExecutive Summary 66Why Is This Important? 67Methods Used 67Findings 69Discussion 70What We Learned 71Chapter 8: Social Networks of Giraffes 73Juan M. Lavista Ferres, Derek Lee, and Monica BondExecutive Summary 73Why Is This Important? 75Methods Used 78Findings 79Discussion 84What We Learned 86Chapter 9: Data-driven Approaches to Wildlife Conflict Mitigation in the Maasai Mara 88Akram Zaytar, Gilles Hacheme, Girmaw Abebe Tadesse, Caleb Robinson, Rahul Dodhia, and Juan M. Lavista FerresExecutive Summary 88Why Is This Important? 90Methods Used 90Findings 92Discussion 94What We Learned 96Chapter 10: Mapping Industrial Poultry Operations at Scale 97Caleb Robinson and Daniel HoExecutive Summary 97Why Is This Important? 98Methods Used 98Findings 100Discussion 102What We Learned 104Chapter 11: Identifying Solar Energy Locations in India 105Anthony Ortiz and Joseph KieseckerExecutive Summary 105Why Is This Important? 106Methods Used 107Findings 109Discussion 110What We Learned 111Chapter 12: Mapping Glacial Lakes 113Anthony Ortiz, Kris Sankaran, Finu Shrestha, Tenzing Chogyal Sherpa, and Mir MatinExecutive Summary 113Why Is This Important? 114Methods Used 115Findings 117Discussion 120What We Learned 123Chapter 13: Forecasting and Explaining Degradation of Solar Panels with AI 124Felipe Oviedo and Tonio BuonassisiExecutive Summary 124Why Is This Important? 125Methods Used 126Findings 128Discussion 131What We Learned 132Part III: Humanitarian Action 133Chapter 14: Post-Disaster Building Damage Assessment 135Shahrzad GholamiExecutive Summary 135Why Is This Important? 136Methods Used 137Findings 140Discussion 143What We Learned 144Chapter 15: Dwelling Type Classification 146Md Nasir and Anshu SharmaExecutive Summary 146Why Is This Important? 147Methods Used 148Findings 149Discussion 151What We Learned 153Chapter 16: Damage Assessment Following the 2023 Earthquake in Turkey 155Caleb Robinson, Simone Fobi, and Anthony OrtizExecutive Summary 155Why Is This Important? 156Methods Used 157Findings 159Discussion 162What We Learned 162Chapter 17: Food Security Analysis 164Shahrzad Gholami, Erwin w. Knippenberg, and James CampbellExecutive Summary 164Why Is This Important? 165Methods Used 166Findings 171Discussion 175What We Learned 177Chapter 18: BankNote-Net: Open Dataset for Assistive Universal Currency Recognition 178Felipe Oviedo and Saqib ShaikhExecutive Summary 178Why Is This Important? 179Methods Used 180Findings 182Discussion 185What We Learned 186Chapter 19: Broadband Connectivity 187Mayana Pereira, Amit Misra, and Allen KimExecutive Summary 187Why Is This Important? 188Methods Used 189Findings 190Discussion 192What We Learned 193Chapter 20: Monitoring the Syrian War with Natural Language Processing 194Rahul Dodhia and Michael ScholtensExecutive Summary 194Why Is This Important? 195Methods Used 197Findings 198Discussion 200What We Learned 200Chapter 21: The Proliferation of Misinformation Online 202Will Fein, Mayana Pereira, Jane Wang, Kevin Greene, Lucas Meyer, Rahul Dodhia, and Jacob ShapiroExecutive Summary 202Why Is This Important? 203Methods Used 204Findings 208Discussion 210What We Learned 211Chapter 22: Unlocking the Potential of AI with Open Data 213Anthony Cintron Roman and Kevin XuExecutive Summary 213Why Is This Important? 214Methods Used 215Findings 216Discussion 219What We Learned 220Part IV: Health 222Chapter 23: Detecting Middle Ear Disease 225Yixi Xu and Al-Rahim HabibExecutive Summary 225Why Is This Important? 226Methods Used 227Findings 230Discussion 232What We Learned 233Chapter 24: Detecting Leprosy in Vulnerable Populations 235Yixi Xu and Ann AertsExecutive Summary 235Why Is This Important? 236Methods Used 237Findings 238Discussion 239What We Learned 240Chapter 25: Automated Segmentation of Prostate Cancer Metastases 241Yixi XuExecutive Summary 241Why Is This Important? 242Methods Used 243Findings 245Discussion 249What We Learned 250Chapter 26: Screening Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Low-Resource Settings 252Anthony Ortiz, Juan M. Lavista Ferres, Guillermo Monteoliva, and Maria Ana Martinez-CastellanosExecutive Summary 252Why Is This Important? 253Methods Used 255Findings 259Discussion 260What We Learned 262Chapter 27: Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 264Meghana Kshirsagar and Sumit MukherjeeExecutive Summary 264Why Is This Important? 265Methods Used 267Findings 269Discussion 274What We Learned 275Chapter 28: Using Artificial Intelligence to Inform Pancreatic Cyst Management 277Juan M. Lavista Ferres, Felipe Oviedo, William B. Weeks, Elliot Fishman, and Anne Marie LennonExecutive Summary 277Why Is This Important? 278Methods Used 279Findings 281Discussion 283What We Learned 285Chapter 29: NLP-Supported Chatbot for Cigarette Smoking Cessation 287Jonathan B. Bricker, Brie Sullivan, Marci Strong, Anusua Trivedi, Thomas Roca, James Jacoby, Margarita Santiago-Torres, and Juan M. Lavista FerresExecutive Summary 287Why Is This Important? 289Methods Used 291Findings 294Discussion 299What We Learned 301Chapter 30: Mapping Population Movement Using Satellite Imagery 303Tammy Glazer, Gilles Hacheme, Amy Michaels, and Christopher J.L. MurrayExecutive Summary 303Why Is This Important? 304Methods Used 306Findings 312Discussion 315What We Learned 317Chapter 31: The Promise of AI and Generative Pre-Trained Transformer Models in Medicine 318William B. WeeksWhat Are GPT Models and What Do They Do? 318GPT Models in Medicine 319Conclusion 327Part V: Summary, Looking Forward, And Additional Resources 329Epilogue: Getting Good at AI for Good 331The AI for Good LabCommunication 332Data 333Modeling 335Impact 337Conclusion 340Key Takeaways 340AI and Satellites: Critical Tools to Help Us with Planetary Emergencies 342Will Marshall and Andrew ZolliAmazing Things in the Amazon 344Quick Help Saving Lives in Disaster Response 346Additional Resources 348Lucia Ronchi DarreEndnotes 351Acknowledgments 353About the Editors 358About the Authors 361Microsoft’s AI for Good Lab 361Collaborators 369Index 382