Agency in Multilingual Education Policy and Planning in Asia

Syed Abdul Manan, PhD, is Associate Professor of Multilingual Education at Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education, Kazakhstan. His research, teaching, and supervision interests include language education policy and planning, English Medium Instruction (EMI), multilingual practices, World Englishes, and policy issues related to the politics, economics, and sociology of languages, linguistic rights, and social justice. His research has been published in top- tier journals that include Language Policy, Language Problems and Language Planning, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Multilingua, Current Issues in Language Planning, World Englishes, and others. He is co- editor of the book Multilingual Selves and Motivations for Learning Languages other than English in Asian Contexts (Hajar & Manan, 2024).Anas Hajar, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Graduate School of Education, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan. He is particularly interested in motivational issues in language learning and intercultural engagement. He also works in the areas of internationalization and education abroad, language learning strategies, and shadow education.

• Foreword NANCY H. HORNBERGERAcknowledgements 1 The Macro (Structure) and Micro (Agency) Dialectic in Multilingual Education Policy and Planning Contexts SYED ABDUL MANAN AND ANAS HAJAR2 Beyond the Hegemony of National Language-in-Education Policy: Creating Multilingual Environments Through Local Agency in a Marginalized School Context in Bangladesh M. MAKSUD ALI AND M. OBAIDUL HAMID3 Translanguaging as Agentive Resistance to Hegemonic Language Policy Mandates: Making a Case for a Self- Reflexive Stance in Teacher Agency Development in India PADMINI BHUYAN BORUAH AND AJIT KUMAR MOHANTY4 “Making Up” for the Trilingual Policy Tensions: A Snapshot of the “Ground-Up” Appropriation and Coping Strategies SYED ABDUL MANAN AND ANAS HAJAR5 Teachers as Policy Navigators amidst Bureaucratized Language Policy Regimes in PakistanZIA UR REHMAN BAZAI, STEFANIE PILLAI, AND SYED ABDUL MANAN6 Silence as Agency: Unpacking and Addressing Resistance to Multilingualism and Multilingual Pedagogies RUANNI TUPAS AND CECILIA A. SUAREZ7 School Administrators’ Agency in Planning Language of Instruction: But for Whom? PRAMOD K. SAH8 Micro Language Planning in the EMI Classroom in Hong Kong: The Role of Student Agency CHIT CHEUNG MATTHEW SUNG9 Empowering Educators: Unravelling Teacher Agency in Navigating Convergent Management for International Students in Chinese Higher Education YAWEN HAN AND HAOXUAN KONG10 Teacher Agency in Negotiating English Language Class Writing for Young Learners in Singapore DONNA LIM AND KIREN KAUR11 Empowering Preservice Teachers’ Agency in Multilingual Practices: A Formative Intervention Design in an Australian Teacher Education Program HONGZHI YANGAfterword: What LPP Actors Can Do to Contain the “English Fever” PETER I. DE COSTA