Daniela Melo is a political scientist and senior lecturer in the Division of Social Sciences, College of General Studies, at Boston University. Melo is also a co-founder/board chair of The New Bedford Light in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Paul Christopher Manuel is an affiliated professor in the Department Government at Georgetown University, and a local affiliate at the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies at Harvard University.

• AcknowledgmentsForeword. “It’s the People who lead” by Daniela F. Melo and Paul Christopher ManuelPreface. Unleashed by the April Revolution: Social Movements in Portugal by Maria Inácia RezolaChapter 1. Introduction: The Complex Tale of Social Movements and Portuguese Democracy by Daniela F. Melo and Paul Christopher ManuelPART I. SURVIVING DEMOCRATIZATION AFTER REVOLUTIONChapter 2. From a Repressed Movement to Global Protagonists? Students in Portugal from the Carnation Revolution to Today by Giulia StrippoliChapter 3. Democratizing from Below: How the Feminist Movement Builds Portuguese Democracy by Ana PrataChapter 4. A Revolution without a Religious Disruption? Tensions, Transitions, and Emerging Scenarios by Alfredo Teixeira, Helena Vilaça, and Paulo FontesPART II. THE REVOLUTION IS OVER: DEMOCRACY, RADICALIZATION, AND DEMOBILIZATIONChapter 5. Urban Squatters: The Rise and Fall of the Residents’ Commissions during the Portuguese Democratic Transition by Ana DragoChapter 6. Memory, Antifascism, and the Radical Left by Miguel CardinaChapter 7. Violent Social Movements in Portugal after the Carnation Revolution: The Case of the Popular Forces of the 25th of April by Raquel da Silva and João Paulo VenturaPART III. THE ARC OF APRIL: MEMORY, POWER, AND CONTEMPORARY REPERTOIRES OF CONTENTIONChapter 8. After 1974: Social Movements from the Right by José Pedro ZúqueteChapter 9. Memories of Social Movements in the 25th of April Revolution: The End of the Estado Novo by Ana Sofia FerreiraChapter 10. Protest Cycles and Democracy in Portugal, 2000–2019 by Tiago Fernandes and Cláudia Araújo

“This book is an important addition to the literature on social movements, democratization, and contemporary Portuguese history. It provides a diverse exploration of the role of social movements in shaping modern Portuguese society and politics. The depth of research, clarity of writing, and comprehensive scope make it a very valuable resource for scholars, students, and anyone interested in the topic.” - Luís Nuno Rodrigues, ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon