Roman Grynberg is a Professor of Economics at the University of Namibia. He holds a Ph.D from McGill University, Montreal, specializing in Development Economics and Economic Theory. He is a specialist in international trade and commodities and has published extensively on commodities trade as well as the WTO.   Fwasa K. Singogo is research fellow in the Economics Department at the University of Namibia. He holds an Msc. from the University of Namibia.

• 1. Introduction - Incantations for a ‘Barbarous Relic’.- 2. 21st Century Economics of the Gold Price.- 3. The ASGM Sector in Africa- Lessons from China.- 4. Africa’s Toxic Alchemy.- 5. Gold in South Africa- Lessons from the Apartheid era.- 6. Gold, Oil and Revolution in North Africa.- 7. Trade and the Smuggling of Gold from West Africa to the UAE.- 8. Gold smuggling and the Plunder of the DRC.- 9. An Anatomy of Grand Fraud: The Goldenberg Scandal and the IMF/World Bank.- 10. Dubai -Conflict Gold, Money Laundering and Illicit Global Trade.- 11. Gold and the Genesis of Modern African Resource Nationalism.- 12. Gold and African Industrialization: Between an Economic Rock and a Political Hard Place.- 13. Taxation and Illicit Financial Flows in the Gold Mining Sector.- 14. Conclusion.

Roman Grynberg is a Professor of Economics at the University of Namibia. He holds a Ph.D from McGill University, Montreal, specializing in Development Economics and Economic Theory. He is a specialist in international trade and commodities and has published extensively on commodities trade as well as the WTO.   Fwasa K. Singogo is research fellow in the Economics Department at the University of Namibia. He holds an Msc. from the University of Namibia.

• 1. Introduction - Incantations for a ‘Barbarous Relic’.- 2. 21st Century Economics of the Gold Price.- 3. The ASGM Sector in Africa- Lessons from China.- 4. Africa’s Toxic Alchemy.- 5. Gold in South Africa- Lessons from the Apartheid era.- 6. Gold, Oil and Revolution in North Africa.- 7. Trade and the Smuggling of Gold from West Africa to the UAE.- 8. Gold smuggling and the Plunder of the DRC.- 9. An Anatomy of Grand Fraud: The Goldenberg Scandal and the IMF/World Bank.- 10. Dubai -Conflict Gold, Money Laundering and Illicit Global Trade.- 11. Gold and the Genesis of Modern African Resource Nationalism.- 12. Gold and African Industrialization: Between an Economic Rock and a Political Hard Place.- 13. Taxation and Illicit Financial Flows in the Gold Mining Sector.- 14. Conclusion.

Roman Grynberg is a Professor of Economics at the University of Namibia. He holds a Ph.D from McGill University, Montreal, specializing in Development Economics and Economic Theory. He is a specialist in international trade and commodities and has published extensively on commodities trade as well as the WTO.   Fwasa K. Singogo is research fellow in the Economics Department at the University of Namibia. He holds an Msc. from the University of Namibia.

• 1. Introduction - Incantations for a ‘Barbarous Relic’.- 2. 21st Century Economics of the Gold Price.- 3. The ASGM Sector in Africa- Lessons from China.- 4. Africa’s Toxic Alchemy.- 5. Gold in South Africa- Lessons from the Apartheid era.- 6. Gold, Oil and Revolution in North Africa.- 7. Trade and the Smuggling of Gold from West Africa to the UAE.- 8. Gold smuggling and the Plunder of the DRC.- 9. An Anatomy of Grand Fraud: The Goldenberg Scandal and the IMF/World Bank.- 10. Dubai -Conflict Gold, Money Laundering and Illicit Global Trade.- 11. Gold and the Genesis of Modern African Resource Nationalism.- 12. Gold and African Industrialization: Between an Economic Rock and a Political Hard Place.- 13. Taxation and Illicit Financial Flows in the Gold Mining Sector.- 14. Conclusion.