Fritz Allhoff is an Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Western Michigan University, USA and a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Australia. Dr. Allhoff serves on the International Committee of Military Medicine in Switzerland. He is the author or editor of nearly thirty books and his papers have been published in top medical ethics journals, including American Journal of Bioethics, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, and Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. Dr. Allhoff is currently finishing a J.D. at the University of Michigan Law School.Mark A. Hall is the Fred and Elizabeth Turnage Professor of Law and Public Health at Wake Forest University, USA, where he co-directs its Master of Arts in Bioethics program and has appointments in the Schools of Law, Medicine, and Business. He is the lead editor of the original textbook in the field, Health Care Law and Ethics (8th ed., 2013) and he has written books on various aspects of health care law and public policy. Professor Hall is currently studying health insurance reform, safety net access for the uninsured, and the legal and ethical implications of consumer-driven health care.

• Introduction Fritz Allhoff and Mark A. Hall Unit 1: Context and History 1. NFIB v. Sebelius: Five Takes Glenn H. Reynolds and Brannon P. Denning 2. Popular Constitutionalism and the Affordable Care Act Josh Blackman 3. Metaphysical Philosophers and the ‘Practical Statesmanship’ of Supreme Court Justices in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius Brian E. Butler 4. By Any Means Necessary? The Constitutionalisation of Healthcare in the United States of America, United Kingdom, and Brazil Jane Marriot and Jamie Fletcher Unit 2: Analyzing the Opinions 5. Fractured Group Speech Acts and the Holding of NFIB v. Sebelius Caleb Mason 6. A Strategy of Increasing Judicial Power in NFIB v. Sebelius Tonja Jacobi 7. The Health Insurance Mandate Really is a Tax, and That’s a Good Thing Too Paul Gowder 8. Activity, Inactivity, and Production: Roberts’ Commerce Clause Argument Nathan Stout Unit 3: Individual Liberty 9. Autonomy and the ACA Individual Mandate JB Coleman 10. Employers’ Rights and the ACA Jessica Flanigan 11. Moral Pluralism and Federal Authority Jacob Affolter 12. The ACA and Religious Liberty: Principles of Adjudication R. Mary Lemmons Unit 4: Medicaid 13. Fiscal Objections to Expanded Health Coverage: A Case Study of the ACA Alex Rajczi 14. In Defence of the ACA’s Medicaid Expansion Ishani Maitra and Brian Weatherson 15. Coercion, Political Accountability, and Voter Ignorance: The Mistaken Medicaid Expansion Ruling in NFIB v. Sebelius Alexander A. Guerrero 16. Was the Medicaid Expansion Coercive? I. Glenn Cohen Unit 5: Future Implications 17. Conditional Spending and the Conditional Offer Puzzle Mitchell N. Berman 18. The Health of the Commerce Clause: The Sebelius Decision and the Future of Federal Power Marcus Schulzke and Amanda Cortney Carroll 19. Reflections on the Rule of Law After NFIB v. Sebelius Christopher Boom 20. "The Alien Exclusion: ACA and the Oblique Rights of Those on the Margins" Jill Hernandez

"An invaluable review of the most important health care legislation in America in this century. The perspectives collected here are thoughtful, temperate and insightful—attributes sadly lacking from most of the discussion in the public sphere of the Affordable Care Act. This books cuts through the rhetoric and posturing to present a useful scholarly assessment of the ACA and its likely impact on the future of health care in the United States." --Arthur L. Caplan, Drs. William F. and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor of Bioethics, New York University Langone Medical Center"Fritz Allhoff and Mark Hall have produced the single best book on the Supreme Court's decision upholding most of the Affordable Care Act. The wide-ranging perspectives that it includes, from some of the very best scholars in all the fields upon which the decision touches, allow readers to develop both a deep and broad understanding of the complex issues raised by the decision. No one can talk responsibly about this important decision without first benefitting from this book’s wonderful, insightful, and thorough interdisciplinary focus." --Michael J. Gerhardt, Samuel Ashe Distinguished Professor of Constitutional Law, University of North Carolina School of Law"This wide-ranging book brings together scholars from law, philosophy, and medical ethics to illuminate one of the most important Supreme Court decisions of our time. Eschewing the partisanship that marks the public debate over healthcare reform, this book offers instead intellectual rigor, analytic clarity, and theoretic insight." --Adam Winkler, Professor, University of California at Los Angeles School of Law, USA"The legal challenges to the Affordable Care Act will transform our understanding of individual liberty, of religious freedom, and the rights of corporations and institutions. This exciting volume goes a long way in explaining the legal landscape, the philosophical issues, and the likely implications of this landmark legislation." --Rosamond Rhodes, Professor, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA"The ACA litigation was always driven less by law than by conflicting philosophical visions. This collection examines those visions with unusual sophistication." -- Andrew Koppelman, John Paul Stevens Professor of Law and Professor of Political Science, Northwestern University, USA"An extensive legal and philosophical analysis that is edited and written by a panoply of leading scholars." -- Einer Elhauge, Petrie Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, USA"This book represents the cutting edge of thought on the ACA. Allhoff has compiled a balanced and thought-provoking series of chapters that relate to one of the most (in)famous pieces of legislation in a generation." -- Jesse Steinberg, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"Allhoff has collected a wide-ranging and hard-hitting series of views on the NFIB v. Sebelius decision. This is a must-have for anyone interested in the legal, philosophical, or public policy aspects of the court’s action in this case." -- Wally Siewert, University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA

Fritz Allhoff is an Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Western Michigan University, USA and a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Australia. Dr. Allhoff serves on the International Committee of Military Medicine in Switzerland. He is the author or editor of nearly thirty books and his papers have been published in top medical ethics journals, including American Journal of Bioethics, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, and Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. Dr. Allhoff is currently finishing a J.D. at the University of Michigan Law School.Mark A. Hall is the Fred and Elizabeth Turnage Professor of Law and Public Health at Wake Forest University, USA, where he co-directs its Master of Arts in Bioethics program and has appointments in the Schools of Law, Medicine, and Business. He is the lead editor of the original textbook in the field, Health Care Law and Ethics (8th ed., 2013) and he has written books on various aspects of health care law and public policy. Professor Hall is currently studying health insurance reform, safety net access for the uninsured, and the legal and ethical implications of consumer-driven health care.

• Introduction Fritz Allhoff and Mark A. Hall Unit 1: Context and History 1. NFIB v. Sebelius: Five Takes Glenn H. Reynolds and Brannon P. Denning 2. Popular Constitutionalism and the Affordable Care Act Josh Blackman 3. Metaphysical Philosophers and the ‘Practical Statesmanship’ of Supreme Court Justices in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius Brian E. Butler 4. By Any Means Necessary? The Constitutionalisation of Healthcare in the United States of America, United Kingdom, and Brazil Jane Marriot and Jamie Fletcher Unit 2: Analyzing the Opinions 5. Fractured Group Speech Acts and the Holding of NFIB v. Sebelius Caleb Mason 6. A Strategy of Increasing Judicial Power in NFIB v. Sebelius Tonja Jacobi 7. The Health Insurance Mandate Really is a Tax, and That’s a Good Thing Too Paul Gowder 8. Activity, Inactivity, and Production: Roberts’ Commerce Clause Argument Nathan Stout Unit 3: Individual Liberty 9. Autonomy and the ACA Individual Mandate JB Coleman 10. Employers’ Rights and the ACA Jessica Flanigan 11. Moral Pluralism and Federal Authority Jacob Affolter 12. The ACA and Religious Liberty: Principles of Adjudication R. Mary Lemmons Unit 4: Medicaid 13. Fiscal Objections to Expanded Health Coverage: A Case Study of the ACA Alex Rajczi 14. In Defence of the ACA’s Medicaid Expansion Ishani Maitra and Brian Weatherson 15. Coercion, Political Accountability, and Voter Ignorance: The Mistaken Medicaid Expansion Ruling in NFIB v. Sebelius Alexander A. Guerrero 16. Was the Medicaid Expansion Coercive? I. Glenn Cohen Unit 5: Future Implications 17. Conditional Spending and the Conditional Offer Puzzle Mitchell N. Berman 18. The Health of the Commerce Clause: The Sebelius Decision and the Future of Federal Power Marcus Schulzke and Amanda Cortney Carroll 19. Reflections on the Rule of Law After NFIB v. Sebelius Christopher Boom 20. "The Alien Exclusion: ACA and the Oblique Rights of Those on the Margins" Jill Hernandez

"An invaluable review of the most important health care legislation in America in this century. The perspectives collected here are thoughtful, temperate and insightful—attributes sadly lacking from most of the discussion in the public sphere of the Affordable Care Act. This books cuts through the rhetoric and posturing to present a useful scholarly assessment of the ACA and its likely impact on the future of health care in the United States." --Arthur L. Caplan, Drs. William F. and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor of Bioethics, New York University Langone Medical Center"Fritz Allhoff and Mark Hall have produced the single best book on the Supreme Court's decision upholding most of the Affordable Care Act. The wide-ranging perspectives that it includes, from some of the very best scholars in all the fields upon which the decision touches, allow readers to develop both a deep and broad understanding of the complex issues raised by the decision. No one can talk responsibly about this important decision without first benefitting from this book’s wonderful, insightful, and thorough interdisciplinary focus." --Michael J. Gerhardt, Samuel Ashe Distinguished Professor of Constitutional Law, University of North Carolina School of Law"This wide-ranging book brings together scholars from law, philosophy, and medical ethics to illuminate one of the most important Supreme Court decisions of our time. Eschewing the partisanship that marks the public debate over healthcare reform, this book offers instead intellectual rigor, analytic clarity, and theoretic insight." --Adam Winkler, Professor, University of California at Los Angeles School of Law, USA"The legal challenges to the Affordable Care Act will transform our understanding of individual liberty, of religious freedom, and the rights of corporations and institutions. This exciting volume goes a long way in explaining the legal landscape, the philosophical issues, and the likely implications of this landmark legislation." --Rosamond Rhodes, Professor, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA"The ACA litigation was always driven less by law than by conflicting philosophical visions. This collection examines those visions with unusual sophistication." -- Andrew Koppelman, John Paul Stevens Professor of Law and Professor of Political Science, Northwestern University, USA"An extensive legal and philosophical analysis that is edited and written by a panoply of leading scholars." -- Einer Elhauge, Petrie Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, USA"This book represents the cutting edge of thought on the ACA. Allhoff has compiled a balanced and thought-provoking series of chapters that relate to one of the most (in)famous pieces of legislation in a generation." -- Jesse Steinberg, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"Allhoff has collected a wide-ranging and hard-hitting series of views on the NFIB v. Sebelius decision. This is a must-have for anyone interested in the legal, philosophical, or public policy aspects of the court’s action in this case." -- Wally Siewert, University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA

Fritz Allhoff is an Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Western Michigan University, USA and a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Australia. Dr. Allhoff serves on the International Committee of Military Medicine in Switzerland. He is the author or editor of nearly thirty books and his papers have been published in top medical ethics journals, including American Journal of Bioethics, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, and Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. Dr. Allhoff is currently finishing a J.D. at the University of Michigan Law School.Mark A. Hall is the Fred and Elizabeth Turnage Professor of Law and Public Health at Wake Forest University, USA, where he co-directs its Master of Arts in Bioethics program and has appointments in the Schools of Law, Medicine, and Business. He is the lead editor of the original textbook in the field, Health Care Law and Ethics (8th ed., 2013) and he has written books on various aspects of health care law and public policy. Professor Hall is currently studying health insurance reform, safety net access for the uninsured, and the legal and ethical implications of consumer-driven health care.

• Introduction Fritz Allhoff and Mark A. Hall Unit 1: Context and History 1. NFIB v. Sebelius: Five Takes Glenn H. Reynolds and Brannon P. Denning 2. Popular Constitutionalism and the Affordable Care Act Josh Blackman 3. Metaphysical Philosophers and the ‘Practical Statesmanship’ of Supreme Court Justices in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius Brian E. Butler 4. By Any Means Necessary? The Constitutionalisation of Healthcare in the United States of America, United Kingdom, and Brazil Jane Marriot and Jamie Fletcher Unit 2: Analyzing the Opinions 5. Fractured Group Speech Acts and the Holding of NFIB v. Sebelius Caleb Mason 6. A Strategy of Increasing Judicial Power in NFIB v. Sebelius Tonja Jacobi 7. The Health Insurance Mandate Really is a Tax, and That’s a Good Thing Too Paul Gowder 8. Activity, Inactivity, and Production: Roberts’ Commerce Clause Argument Nathan Stout Unit 3: Individual Liberty 9. Autonomy and the ACA Individual Mandate JB Coleman 10. Employers’ Rights and the ACA Jessica Flanigan 11. Moral Pluralism and Federal Authority Jacob Affolter 12. The ACA and Religious Liberty: Principles of Adjudication R. Mary Lemmons Unit 4: Medicaid 13. Fiscal Objections to Expanded Health Coverage: A Case Study of the ACA Alex Rajczi 14. In Defence of the ACA’s Medicaid Expansion Ishani Maitra and Brian Weatherson 15. Coercion, Political Accountability, and Voter Ignorance: The Mistaken Medicaid Expansion Ruling in NFIB v. Sebelius Alexander A. Guerrero 16. Was the Medicaid Expansion Coercive? I. Glenn Cohen Unit 5: Future Implications 17. Conditional Spending and the Conditional Offer Puzzle Mitchell N. Berman 18. The Health of the Commerce Clause: The Sebelius Decision and the Future of Federal Power Marcus Schulzke and Amanda Cortney Carroll 19. Reflections on the Rule of Law After NFIB v. Sebelius Christopher Boom 20. "The Alien Exclusion: ACA and the Oblique Rights of Those on the Margins" Jill Hernandez

"An invaluable review of the most important health care legislation in America in this century. The perspectives collected here are thoughtful, temperate and insightful—attributes sadly lacking from most of the discussion in the public sphere of the Affordable Care Act. This books cuts through the rhetoric and posturing to present a useful scholarly assessment of the ACA and its likely impact on the future of health care in the United States." --Arthur L. Caplan, Drs. William F. and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor of Bioethics, New York University Langone Medical Center"Fritz Allhoff and Mark Hall have produced the single best book on the Supreme Court's decision upholding most of the Affordable Care Act. The wide-ranging perspectives that it includes, from some of the very best scholars in all the fields upon which the decision touches, allow readers to develop both a deep and broad understanding of the complex issues raised by the decision. No one can talk responsibly about this important decision without first benefitting from this book’s wonderful, insightful, and thorough interdisciplinary focus." --Michael J. Gerhardt, Samuel Ashe Distinguished Professor of Constitutional Law, University of North Carolina School of Law"This wide-ranging book brings together scholars from law, philosophy, and medical ethics to illuminate one of the most important Supreme Court decisions of our time. Eschewing the partisanship that marks the public debate over healthcare reform, this book offers instead intellectual rigor, analytic clarity, and theoretic insight." --Adam Winkler, Professor, University of California at Los Angeles School of Law, USA"The legal challenges to the Affordable Care Act will transform our understanding of individual liberty, of religious freedom, and the rights of corporations and institutions. This exciting volume goes a long way in explaining the legal landscape, the philosophical issues, and the likely implications of this landmark legislation." --Rosamond Rhodes, Professor, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA"The ACA litigation was always driven less by law than by conflicting philosophical visions. This collection examines those visions with unusual sophistication." -- Andrew Koppelman, John Paul Stevens Professor of Law and Professor of Political Science, Northwestern University, USA"An extensive legal and philosophical analysis that is edited and written by a panoply of leading scholars." -- Einer Elhauge, Petrie Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, USA"This book represents the cutting edge of thought on the ACA. Allhoff has compiled a balanced and thought-provoking series of chapters that relate to one of the most (in)famous pieces of legislation in a generation." -- Jesse Steinberg, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"Allhoff has collected a wide-ranging and hard-hitting series of views on the NFIB v. Sebelius decision. This is a must-have for anyone interested in the legal, philosophical, or public policy aspects of the court’s action in this case." -- Wally Siewert, University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA