Aesthetics

STEVEN M. CAHN is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the City University of New York Graduate Center. He has authored or edited over 60 books. Most recently he wrote Philosophical Adventures, The Road Traveled and Other Essays, and Inside Academia: Professors, Politics, and Policies.STEPHANIE ROSS is Professor Emerita of Philosophy at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. She is the author of What Gardens Mean and papers on a variety of topics in aesthetics. Her new book, Two Thumbs Up: How Critics Aid Appreciation is forthcoming.SANDRA SHAPSHAY is Professor of Philosophy at Hunter College and the Graduate Center, CUNY (City University of New York). She is the author of Reconstructing Schopenhauer's Ethics: Hope, Compassion, and Animal Welfare and has published on 18th-19th century theories of the sublime and tragedy as well as contemporary environmental aesthetics.

• Preface ixAcknowledgements xiSources xiiiPart I: Classic Sources1 The Modern System of the Arts 3Paul Oskar Kristeller2 The Ancient and Modern System of the Arts 17James O. Young3 Ion 31Plato4 The Republic 39Plato5 Symposium 49Plato6 Poetics 57Aristotle7 Ennead I, vi 73Plotinus8 De Musica 81St. Augustine9 On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology 89St. Bonaventure10 Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times 95Third Earl of Shaftesbury11 An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue 105Francis Hutcheson12 Of the Standard of Taste 121David Hume13 Of Tragedy 131David Hume14 A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful 137Edmund Burke15 Laocoon 147Gotthold Lessing16 Critique of the Power of Judgment 155Immanuel KantPart II: Modern Theories17 Introduction 199Christopher Janaway and Sandra Shapshay18 Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man 205Friedrich Schiller19 Letter to M. d’Alembert on the Theatre 209J.-J. Rousseau20 Introductory Lectures on Aesthetics 217G.W.F. Hegel21 The World as Will and Representation 241Arthur Schopenhauer22 The Beautiful in Music 281Eduard Hanslick23 The Birth of Tragedy 287Friedrich Nietzsche24 What is Art? 299Leo Tolstoy25 “Psychical Distance” as a Factor in Art and as an Aesthetic Principle 313Edward Bullough26 Art 331Clive Bell27 The Principles of Art 341R.G. Collingwood28 Art as Experience 357John Dewey29 The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 379Walter Benjamin30 The Origin of the Work of Art 397Martin Heidegger31 Aesthetic Theory 411Theodor Adorno32 Criteria of Negro Art 423W.E.B. Du Bois33 Art or Propaganda? 429Alain LockePart III: Contemporary Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art34 Introduction 433Stephanie Ross35 The Artworld 439Arthur Danto36 What is Art? An Institutional Analysis 449George Dickie37 “Art” as a Cluster Concept 461Berys Gaut38 When is Art? 475Nelson Goodman39 Art and Its Objects 483Richard Wollheim40 Varieties of Art 497Stephen Davies41 What a Musical Work Is 513Jerrold Levinson42 Fictional Characters as Abstract Artifacts 529Amie L. Thomasson43 Aesthetic Concepts 535Frank Sibley44 Categories of Art 551Kendall L. Walton45 The Myth of the Aesthetic Attitude 569George Dickie46 What is Aesthetic Experience? 581Alan H. Goldman47 Artistic Value 589Malcolm Budd48 Beauty Restored 597Mary Mothersill49 Artistic Worth and Personal Taste 609Jerrold Levinson50 Style and Personality in the Literary Work 619Jenefer Robinson51 Criticism and Interpretation 631Noël Carroll52 The Postulated Author: Critical Monism as a Regulative Ideal 641Alexander Nehamas53 Artistic Value and Opportunistic Moralism 653Eileen John54 Emotions in the Music 663Peter Kivy55 Music and Emotions 673Jenefer Robinson56 Fearing Fictions 691Kendall L. Walton57 Transparent Pictures: On the Nature of Photographic Realism 705Kendall L. Walton58 The Power of Movies 723Noël Carroll59 Oppressive Texts, Resisting Readers, and the Gendered Spectator: The “New” Aesthetics 737Mary Devereaux60 Feminist Philosophy of Art 751A.W. Eaton61 Appreciation and the Natural Environment 767Allen Carlson62 Everyday Aesthetics 777Yuriko Saito63 Aesthetic Value, Art, and Food 783Carolyn Korsmeyer64 Art and Aesthetic Behaviors as Possible Expressions of our Biologically Evolved Human Nature 791Stephen DaviesIndex 797