Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences

Jennifer Hays-Grudo, Ph.D, is a Regents Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Oklahoma State University. Dr. Hays-Grudo received both her master's and doctorate in developmental psychology from the University of Houston and her bachelor's in psychology from Texas Tech University. She has participated as the principal investigator on a number of National Institutes of Health-funded research grants to develop and evaluate individual and community health-related behavior changes.Amanda Sheffield Morris, PhD, is a Regents Professor of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University. She received her PhD from Temple University in Psychology, was a post-doctoral fellow at Arizona State University, and taught at the University of New Orleans for five years. Her research focuses on the role of emotion regulation in child and adolescent adjustment and the ways in which children learn successful regulation skills.

• Preface: The Hole in the BridgeAcknowledgementsI. The Effects of Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences. Adverse Childhood ExperiencesThe Adverse Childhood Experiences StudyACEs Studies in Other PopulationsACEs in Children and AdolescentsDefining ACEsKnowing One amp rsquo s ACE Score2: Protective and Compensatory Experiences: The Antidote to ACEsPACEs: Relationships and ResourcesPACEs Foundational Theories and ResearchOur Research on PACEsKnowing One amp rsquo s PACE ScorePart II. How Early Experience Influences the Body, Brain, and Behavior3. Effects of Early Life Adversity on Neurobiological DevelopmentModels of Biobehavioral Responses to Childhood AdversityEpigenetics and Childhood AdversityEffects of Childhood Adversity on Brain Structure and FunctionPutting It All Together: The ICARE Model4. The Intergenerational Transmission of ACEs and PACEsPsychosocial Transmission of Adversity and ResilienceNeurobiological Transmission of ParentingNeurobiological Transmission of Adversity and ResilienceConclusions and Activity: ACEs and PACEs GenogramsIII. Breaking the Cycle of ACEs and Increasing PACEs5. Repairing the Effects of ACEs in AdulthoodACE-Based Science as a Foundation for InterventionsPACEs for AdultsConclusions and Activity: Creating an Adult PACEs Plan. Promoting Positive Development in Children with ACEsPACEs for ChildrenPACEs for AdolescentsEnhancing Neurobiological RegulationFostering Positive Caregiver amp ndash Child RelationshipsSystems-Level ProgramsConclusions and Activity: Creating a Child PACEs Plan7. ACEs and PACEs and CommunitiesThe Historical and Social Context of ACEsTrauma-Informed PracticesCommunity Coalitions Focused on ACEs and ResiliencePolicy Change and LegislationAdverse Community Environments and Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Pair of ACEs8: Putting It All Together: Summary and SolutionsWhat We Have LearnedSolutions-What to Do NextFinding A Life RaftAppendix: Questions for ReflectionResourcesReferencesIndexAbout the Authors

In the most comprehensive volume to date on adversity and resilience, Hays-Grudo and Morris provide an extensive review of adverse childhood experiences, their negative effects over the life course, and their transmission across generations. They discuss PACEs designed to counter ACEs at various stages of development at the individual, family, and community levels. Special attention is given to trauma-informed practices as effective approaches for building resilience in children and parents. - Hiram E. Fitzgerald, PhD, University Distinguished Professor, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing