This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 15th International Conference on Optimization and Applications, OPTIMA 2024, held in Petrovac, Montenegro, during September 16–20, 2024.The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 60 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: ​Mathematical Programming; Global Optimization; Discrete and Combinatorial Optimization; Game Theory and Mathematical Economics; Optimization in Economics and Finance; and Applications.