This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 16th International Conference on Advances in Optimization and Applications, OPTIMA 2025, held in Petrovac, Montenegro, during September 22–26, 2025.The 12 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Mathematical Programming; Optimization and Data Analysis; Applications; Optimization in Economics, and Finance.