Edited by Paul Westhead, Chair in Entrepreneurship and Director, Centre of Entrepreneurship, Durham University and the late Mike Wright, formerly Professor of Entrepreneurship and Director, Centre for Management Buyout Research, Imperial College Business School, London, UK

• Contents: Volume I: Acknowledgements • IntroductionPart I Entrepreneurship Theory1. William B. Gartner (1990), ‘What Are We Talking About When We Talk About Entrepreneurship?’2. James W. Carland, Frank Hoy, William R. Boulton and Jo Ann C. Carland (1984), ‘Differentiating Entrepreneurs from Small Business Owners: A Conceptualization’3. Arnold C. Cooper and William C. Dunkelberg (1986), ‘Entrepreneurship and Paths to Business Ownership’4. M.F.R. Kets De Vries (1977), ‘The Entrepreneurial Personality: A Person at the Crossroads’5. William R. Sandberg (1992), ‘Strategic Management’s Potential Contributions to a Theory of Entrepreneurship’6. William D. Bygrave and Charles W. Hofer (1991), ‘Theorizing about Entrepreneurship’7. Paul D. Reynolds (1991), ‘Sociology and Entrepreneurship: Concepts and Contributions’8. Alex Stewart (1991), ‘A Prospectus on the Anthropology of Entrepreneurship’9. G.T. Lumpkin and Gregory G. Dess (1996), ‘Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance’10. Leslie E. Palich and D. Ray Bagby (1995), ‘Using Cognitive Theory to Explain Entrepreneurial Risk-Taking: Challenging Conventional Wisdom’11. Tony J. Watson (1995), ‘Entrepreneurship and Professional Management: A Fatal Distinction’12. Jeffrey G. Covin and Dennis P. Slevin (1991), ‘A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior’13. William J. Baumol (1990), ‘Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive’14. Rita Gunther McGrath, Ian C. MacMillan and Sari Scheinberg (1992), ‘Elitists, Risk-Takers, and Rugged Individualists? An Exploratory Analysis of Cultural Differences Between Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs’Part II Methodological Issues 15. William B. Gartner (1989), ‘“Who Is an Entrepreneur?” Is the Wrong Question’16. William B. Gartner and Scott A. Shane (1995), ‘Measuring Entrepreneurship Over Time’17. Grant T. Savage and Janice A. Black (1995), ‘Firm-Level Entrepreneurship and Field Research: The Studies in Their Methodological Context’Part III Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition and Information Search 18. Arnold C. Cooper, Timothy B. Folta and Carolyn Woo (1995), ‘Entrepreneurial Information Search’19. Gianni Lorenzoni and Oscar A. Ornati (1988), ‘Constellations of Firms and New Ventures’20. Liming Zhao and John D. Aram (1995), ‘Networking and Growth of Young Technology-Intensive Ventures in China’Part IV Finance for Entrepreneurs 21. Timothy Bates (1991), ‘Commercial Bank Financing of White- and Black-Owned Small Business Start-ups’22. Harry J. Sapienza and M. Audrey Korsgaard (1996), ‘Procedural Justice in Entrepreneur-Investor Relations’23. Daniel M. Cable and Scott Shane (1997), ‘A Prisoner’s Dilemma Approach to Entrepreneur-Venture Capitalist Relationships’24. Joseph Rosenstein, Albert V. Bruno, William D. Bygrave and Natalie T. Taylor (1993), ‘The CEO, Venture Capitalists, and the Board’25. Jay B. Barney, Lowell W. Busenitz, James O. Fiet and Douglas D. Moesel (1996), ‘New Venture Teams’ Assessment of Learning Assistance from Venture Capital Firms’26. Mike Wright, Ken Robbie and Christine Ennew (1997), ‘Venture Capitalists and Serial Entrepreneurs’27. John Freear, Jeffrey E. Sohl and William E. Wetzel, Jr. (1994), ‘Angels and Non-Angels: Are There Differences?’28. Sanford B. Ehrlich, Alex F. De Noble, Tracy Moore and Richard R. Weaver (1994), ‘After the Cash Arrives: A Comparative Study of Venture Capital and Private Investor Involvement in Entrepreneurial Firms’Name Index Volume II:AcknowledgementsPart I Entrepreneurial Careers1. W. Gibb Dyer, Jr. (1994), ‘Toward a Theory of Entrepreneurial Careers’2. Jerome A. Katz (1994), ‘Modelling Entrepreneurial Career Progressions: Concepts and Considerations’3. Michael Harvey and Rodney Evans (1995), ‘Strategic Windows in the Entrepreneurial Process’4. Robert Ronstadt (1986), ‘Exit, Stage Left: Why Entrepreneurs End Their Entrepreneurial Careers Before Retirement’5. C. Mirjam Van Praag and Hans Van Ophem (1995), ‘Determinants of Willingness and Opportunity to Start as an Entrepreneur’Part II Types of Entrepreneurs6. Paul D. Reynolds (1997), ‘Who Starts New Firms? - Preliminary Explorations of Firms-in-Gestation’7. Nancy M. Carter, William B. Gartner and Paul D. Reynolds (1996), ‘Exploring Start-Up Event Sequences’8. James J. Chrisman, Alan L. Carsrud, Julio DeCastro and Lanny Herron (1990), ‘A Comparison of Assistance Needs of Male and Female Pre-Venture Entrepreneurs’9. Carolyn Y. Woo, Arnold C. Cooper and William C. Dunkelberg (1991), ‘The Development and Interpretation of Entrepreneurial Typologies’10. Paul Westhead and Mike Wright (1998), ‘Novice, Portfolio, and Serial Founders: Are They Different?’Part III Environments for Venture Creation and Development11. M.E. Beesley and R.T. Hamilton (1984), ‘Small Firms’ Seedbed Role and the Concept of Turbulence’12. David Keeble and Sheila Walker (1994), ‘New Firms, Small Firms and Dead Firms: Spatial Patterns and Determinants in the United Kingdom’13. Devi R. Gnyawali and Daniel S. Fogel (1994), ‘Environments for Entrepreneurship Development: Key Dimensions and Research Implications’14. Arnold C. Cooper (1985), ‘The Role of Incubator Organizations in the Founding of Growth-Oriented Firms’15. William B. Gartner (1985), ‘A Conceptual Framework for Describing the Phenomenon of New Venture Creation’16. Jeffrey G. Covin and Dennis P. Slevin (1989), ‘Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments’17. Michael T. Hannan and John Freeman (1977), ‘The Population Ecology of Organizations’18. Pamela Hammers Specht (1993), ‘Munificence and Carrying Capacity of the Environment and Organization Formation’19. Howard E. Aldrich (1990), ‘Using an Ecological Perspective to Study Organizational Founding Rates’20. David M. Flynn (1993), ‘A Critical Exploration of Sponsorship, Infrastructure, and New Organizations’21. Andrew H. Van de Ven (1993), ‘The Development of an Infrastructure for Entrepreneurship’Part IV Venture Growth and Performance 22. Arnold C. Cooper (1993), ‘Challenges in Predicting New Firm Performance’23. Paul D. Reynolds (1987), ‘New Firms: Societal Contribution Versus Survival Potential’24. Sue Birley and Paul Westhead (1990) , ‘Growth and Performance Contrasts Between “Types” of Small Firms’25. Per Davidsson (1991), ‘Continued Entrepreneurship: Ability, Need, and Opportunity as Determinants of Small Firm Growth’26. Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger and Scott Schuh (1996), ‘Small Business and Job Creation: Dissecting the Myth and Reassessing the Facts’27. Sue Birley and Paul Westhead (1994), ‘A Taxonomy of Business Start-Up Reasons and their Impact on Firm Growth and Size’28. Gaylen N. Chandler (1996), ‘Business Similarity as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Pre-Ownership Experience and Venture Performance’29. Mel Scott and Richard Bruce (1987), ‘Five Stages of Growth in Small Business’30. Paul Westhead and David Storey (1996), ‘Management Training and Small Firm Performance: Why is the Link So Weak?’Name Index Volume III:AcknowledgementsPart I Organization Closure1. Arne L. Kalleberg and Kevin T. Leicht (1991), ‘Gender and Organizational Performance: Determinants of Small Business Survival and Success’2. Kevin Keasey and Robert Watson (1991), ‘The State of the Art of Small Firm Failure Prediction: Achievements and Prognosis’3. Joseph E. Flynn (1991), ‘The Determinants of Exit in an Open Economy’4. Josef Brüderl, Peter Preisendörfer and Rolf Ziegler (1992), ‘Survival Chances of Newly Founded Business Organizations’5. Nancy M. Carter, Mary Williams and Paul D. Reynolds (1997), ‘Discontinuance Among New Firms in Retail: The Influence of Initial Resources, Strategy, and Gender’6. Javier Gimeno, Timothy B. Folta, Arnold C. Cooper and Carolyn Y. Woo (1997), ‘Survival of the Fittest? Entrepreneurial Human Capital and the Persistence of Underperforming Firms’Part II Internationalization 7. Otto Andersen (1993), ‘On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis’8. Patricia Phillips McDougall, Scott Shane and Benjamin M. Oviatt (1994), ‘Explaining the Formation of International New Ventures: The Limits of Theories from International Business Research’9. Kurt J. Miesenböck (sic) (1988), ‘Small Businesses and Exporting: A Literature Review’,10. Tammo H.A. Bijmolt and Peter S. Zwart (1994), ‘The Impact of Internal Factors on the Export Success of Dutch Small and Medium-Sized Firms’Part III Corporate Venturing 11. Shaker A. Zahra (1993), ‘Environment, Corporate Entrepreneurship, and Financial Performance: A Taxonomic Approach’12. Camille Carrier (1996), ‘Intrapreneurship in Small Businesses: An Exploratory Study’13. Norris F. Krueger, Jr. and Deborah V. Brazeal (1994), ‘Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs’14. Rita Gunther McGrath, S. Venkataraman and Ian C. MacMillan (1994), ‘The Advantage Chain: Antecedents to Rents from Internal Corporate Ventures’15. Shaker A. Zahra and Jeffrey G. Covin (1995), ‘Contextual Influences on the Corporate Entrepreneurship - Performance Relationship: A Longitudinal Analysis’16. Mike Wright, Steve Thompson and Ken Robbie (1992), ‘Venture Capital and Management-Led, Leveraged Buy-Outs: A European Perspective’Part IV Family Firms 17. Roy Church (1993), ‘The Family Firm in Industrial Capitalism: International Perspectives on Hypotheses and History’18. Catherine M. Daily and Marc J. Dollinger (1992), ‘An Empirical Examination of Ownership Structure in Family and Professionally Managed Firms’19. R. Gasson, G. Crow, A. Errington, J. Hutson, T. Marsden and D.M. Winter (1988), ‘The Farm as a Family Business: A Review’20. Wendy C. Handler (1994), ‘Succession in Family Business: A Review of the Research’21. Frank Hoy and Trudy G. Verser (1994), ‘Emerging Business, Emerging Field: Entrepreneurship and the Family Firm’Part V Technology-Based Firms22. Zoltan J. Acs and David B. Audretsch (1988), ‘Innovation in Large and Small Firms: An Empirical Analysis’23. P. Westhead and D.J. Storey (1995), ‘Links Between Higher Education Institutions and High Technology Firms’24. Daniel Felsenstein (1994), ‘University-related Science Parks - “Seedbeds” or “Enclaves” of Innovation?’25. Joseph E. McCann (1991), ‘Patterns of Growth, Competitive Technology, and Financial Strategies in Young Ventures’26. Steven H. Hanks, Collin J. Watson, Erik Jansen and Gaylen N. Chandler (1993), ‘Tightening the Life-Cycle Construct: A Taxonomic Study of Growth Stage Configurations in High-Technology Organizations’Part VI Franchising 27. Seth W. Norton (1988), ‘Franchising, Brand Name Capital, and the Entrepreneurial Capacity Problem’28. Alan Felstead (1994), ‘Shifting the Frontier of Control: Small Firm Autonomy Within a Franchise’29. Scott A. Shane (1996), ‘Hybrid Organizational Arrangements and their Implicaitons for Firm Growth and Survival: A Study of New Franchisors’30. Steve Spinelli and Sue Birley (1996), ‘Toward a Theory of Conflict in the Franchise System’31. Jule B. Gassenheimer, David B. Baucus and Melissa S. Baucus (1996), ‘Cooperative Arrangements among Entrepreneurs: An Analysis of Opportunism and Communication in Franchise Structures’Name Index