Advanced Textile Engineering Materials

Shahid-ul-Islam received his PhD in Chemistry from Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), India, in 2016. He then joined the Department of Textile Technology at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD) where he is currently DST-SERB National Postdoctoral Fellow. His research interests include green chemistry, dyes and pigments, thermodynamics and kinetics of colorants, and textile finishing using polymeric nanocomposites. He is a recipient of several academic awards and competitive fellowships. He has published numerous peer-reviewed research articles in journals of high repute as well as edited 3 books with Wiley-Scrivener. B. S. Butola obtained his B. Tech. (1990) and Ph.D. degrees (2005) and is an Associate Professor at the Department of Textile Technology, IIT, Delhi. His research interests include functionalization of textiles with metal oxides, use of shear thickening fluids for improving the impact performance of ballistic textiles, polymeric nanocomposites and smart colorants.

• Part 1: Chemical Aspects 11. Application of Stimuli-Sensitive Materials in Smart Textiles 3Ali Akbar Merati1.1. Introduction 31.2. Phase Change Materials 41.3. Shape Memory Materials 111.4. Chromic Materials 131.5. Conjugated Polymers 141.6. Conductive Polymers 161.7. Piezoelectricity 171.8. Optical Fibers 181.9. Hydrogels 201.10. Smart Textiles and Nanotechnology 221.11. Future Trends 23References 232. Functional Finishing of Textile Materials and Its Psychological Aspects 31Muhammad Mohsin and Qurat Ul Ain Malik2.1. Introduction 312.2. Softeners 342.3. Oil- and Water-Repellent Finishes 362.4. Fire Retardants 392.5. Easy Care Finishing 432.6. Psychological Aspect of Functional Textiles 472.7. Challenges and Future Directions 502.8. Conclusion 50References 513. Recent Advances in Protective Textile Materials 55Santanu Basak, Animesh Laha, Mahadev Bar, and Rupayan Roy3.1. Introduction 563.2. Application of the Protective Textile in the Defense Arena 653.3. Recent Advancements in Engineering to Create UV-Protective Textiles           703.4. Insect-Repellent Textiles 723.5. Microorganism Protective Textile Materials 753.6. Camouflage Application as Protective Textile 783.7. Challenges and Future Directions 79References 804. Antibacterial Aspects of Nanomaterials in Textiles: From Origin to Release 87Zahra Khodaparast, Akram Jahanshahi, and Mohammadreza Khalaj4.1. Introduction 874.2. Nanomaterial Properties 894.3. Release 1034.4. Conclusion 116Acknowledgement 117References 1175. Modification of Wool and Cotton by UV Irradiation for Dyeing and Finishing Processes 125Franco Ferrero, Gianluca Migliavacca, and Monica Periolatto5.1. Introduction 1265.2. Interaction of UV Radiation with Textile Fibers 1285.3. Interaction of UV Radiation with Naturally Present Chromophores of Different Fibers 1355.4. UV Irradiation on Wool 1445.5. UV Irradiation on Cotton 1625.6. Conclusions 1685.7. Future Perspectives               169References 1706. Electroconductive Textiles 177Arobindo Chatterjee and Subhankar Maity6.1. Introduction 1776.2. Electrical Conductivity 1796.3. The Source of Conductivity in Conducting Polymers 1826.4. Electroconductive Textiles Based on Metals 1836.5. Electroconductive Textiles Based on Graphene 1836.6. Electroconductive Textile Based on PPy 1846.7. Conductive Polymer-Based Textiles 1906.8. Effect of Various Yarns and Fabrics as Substrate 2006.9. Applications of Electroconductive Textiles 2026.10. Durability Properties of Conductive Polymer-Based Textiles 2316.11. Future Scope and Challenges 2396.12. Conclusions 239References 2407. Coated or Laminated Textiles for Aerostat and Stratospheric Airship 257Bapan Adak and Mangala Joshi7.1. Introduction 2587.2. Global Competitors for Making Aerostat/Airship at Present 2607.3. Working Atmosphere of Aerostats and High Altitude Airship (HAA) 2607.4. Materials Used in LTA Envelopes 2617.5. Case Studies on Different Coated or Laminated LTA Envelopes 2727.6. Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites as Potential Material for LTA Envelopes              2747.7. Models for Predicting the Performance and Service Life of Aerostats/Airships 2807.8. Challenges and Future Scopes 2817.9. Conclusion 282References 2838. Woolen Carpet Industry: Environmental Impact and Recent Remediation Approaches 289Anu Mishra8.1. Introduction 2898.2. Flowchart of the Manufacture of a Woolen Carpet, Its Use and After-Use Disposal  2908.3. Wool Fiber Production and Related Environmental Issues 2908.4. Wool Fiber Cleaning and Related Environmental Issues 2958.5. Woolen Carpet Yarn Manufacturing and Related Environmental Issues 2998.6. Bleaching of Woolen Yarn and Related Environmental Issues 3028.7. Dyeing of Woolen Carpet Yarn and Related Environmental Issues 3038.8. Manufacture of Woolen Carpets and Related Environmental Issues 3088.9. Washing of Carpets and Related Environmental Issues 3118.10. Environmental Issues Related to the Usage of Woolen Carpets 3148.11. Environmental Issues Related to the Disposal of Used Woolen Carpets 3158.12. Some Remediation Approaches to Combat Environmental Issues of Wool Carpet Industry 3158.13. Conclusion 324References 3249. Intensification of Textile Wastewater Treatment Processes 329Mahmood Reza Rahimi and Soleiman Mosleh9.1. Introduction 3309.2. AOP Techniques 3339.3. Process Intensification 3439.4. Equipment and Processes 3479.5. Catalyst Design and Modification 3549.6. Economic Evaluation/Justification of AOPs 3579.7. Industrial and Large-Scale Applications 3669.8. Application of Nanostructures in Wastewater Treatment 3679.9. Challenges and Future Directions 3709.10. Conclusion 371References 37110. Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes over Plasmonic Silver-Modified TiO2 389Rashmi Acharya, Brundabana Naik, and K. M. Parida10.1. Introduction 39010.2. Basic Principle of Photocatalysis 39110.3. TiO2 as a Versatile Photocatalyst 39210.4. Silver (Ag)-Modified TiO2 (Ag-TiO2) as Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalyst 39310.5. Ag-Modified TiO2 with Non-Metal Doping 40410.6. Ag-TiO2 with Other Plasmonic Metals 40810.7. Conclusion 410ReferencesPart 2: Mechanical Aspects 41911. Application of Textile Materials in Composites 421Swati Sharma, Indu Chauhan, and Bhupendra Singh Butola11.1. Introduction 42111.2. Essential Properties of Fibers for Composite Applications 42711.3. Textile Fibers Used for Composite Applications 43211.4. Surface Modification of Fibers 44311.5. Manufacturing of Textile Composite Materials 44411.6. Application of Textile Composites in Various Industries       45111.7. Conclusions 454References 45512. Emerging Trends in Three-Dimensional Woven Preforms for Composite Reinforcements 463R. N. Manjunath and B. K. Behera12.1. Introduction 46312.2. Three-Dimensional Fabrics 46613. Evolution of Soft Body Armor 499Sanchi Arora and Aranya Ghosh13.1. Introduction 49913.2. Constituents of Soft Body Armor 50113.3Performance Evaluation of Materials 52613.4. Advancements in Soft Body Armor Technology 53213.5. Conclusion 540References 541Index 553