Advanced Practitioner in Pathophysiology and Diagnostics

The Editors Ollie Phipps is the Professional Lead for Advanced Practice and Independent Prescribing at Canterbury Christ Church University, UK, and the Course Director for the MSc Advanced Clinical Practice (ACP) course. Ollie is also an Honorary Associate Professor at the University of East Anglia, UK. He continues to work clinically as an Advanced Clinical Practitioner in an Emergency Department in Kent, UK. Ollie has led the Health Education England (HEE) and Royal College of Physicians ACP Credential development for Acute Medicine and Respiratory Medicine. He was the HEE ACP Credential lead and continues to be a national subject matter expert for Advanced Practice in the UK. Ian Setchfield is an Acute Care Consultant Nurse specialising in Same Day Emergency Care at East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust (EKHUFT), UK. Ian is also the Advanced Clinical Practice (ACP) lead at EKHUFT, a visiting senior lecturer in advanced practice at Canterbury Christ Church University and an Honorary Senior Fellow at the University of East Anglia, UK. Dr Barry Hill is a Professor of Nursing, and Head of School for Nursing and Midwifery at Buckinghamshire New University, UK. He holds a BSc (Hons) in Critical Care Nursing, an MSc in Advanced Practice, and a PhD. Barry is a registered nurse (RN-Adult), registered teacher (TCH), and registered independent and supplementary prescriber (V300) with the NMC. He is a Senior Fellow (SFHEA) with Advance HE. Barry is the Commissioning Editor for the British Journal of Nursing and Consultant Editor for the International Journal of Advancing Practice. Sadie Diamond-Fox is an Advanced Critical Care Practitioner (FICM ACCP Member), and Strategic Lead for Advanced Practice Programmes; Assistant Professor in Advanced Critical Care Practice (Fellow - HEA), and a PhD Candidate (‘ImpACCPt’ Study) at Northumbria University, UK.

• Contributors ixPreface xiiInterlude xiiiChapter 1 An Introduction to Advanced Clinical Practice and Scope of Practice 1Ollie Phipps and Ian SetchfieldChapter 2 Clinical Decision-Making and Diagnostic Reasoning 7Helen Francis-Wenger, Colin Roberts, and Jo Amy BaileyChapter 3 Clinical History Taking 21Sadie Diamond- Fox, Rebecca Connolly, Alexandra Gatehouse, John Wilkinson, Angela Roberts, Caroline McCrea, and Sonya StoneChapter 4 Physical Examination and Diagnostic Reasoning 33Sadie Diamond- Fox, Rebecca Connolly, and Alexandra GatehouseChapter 5 Interpretation of Clinical Investigations – Blood Tests 58Sarah Henry and James HardieChapter 6 Interpretation of Clinical Investigations – Radiology 72Jo Hardy and Tracey MaxfieldChapter 7 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision- Making in Inflammation and Sepsis 87Ian Setchfield and Janine Mair Copyrighted MaterialChapter 8 Neurological Disorders 104Sonya Stone and Rebecca ConnollyChapter 9 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Ophthalmic and Associated Disorders 123John Clulow and Mona KhandwalaChapter 10 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in ENT Disorders 144Jaime Phipps and Barry HillChapter 11 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Respiratory Disorders 161Sandra Marti- Navarrete and Barry HillChapter 12 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Cardiovascular Disorders 179Valentino Oriolo and Esther ArnoldChapter 13 Gastrointestinal Disorders 195Nick Browning and Ollie PhippsChapter 14 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Renal Disorders 212Inmaculada Diaz-Alonso and Ollie PhippsChapter 15 Endocrine Disorders 233Sadie Diamond-Fox, Sonya Stone, Alexandra Gatehouse, and Rebecca ConnollyChapter 16 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Haematological Disorders 253Barry HillChapter 17 Neoplasms 268Amanda Riley, Holly Tant, and Katy TaylorChapter 18 Mental Health and Learning Disabilities 290Jo Delrée, Mark Kitchingham, Michelle Hawes, Alex Rickett, Barry Hill, and Ollie PhippsChapter 19 Musculoskeletal Disorders 309Nick WorthChapter 20 Frailty and Care of the Older Person 332Claire Anne Pryor and Esther CliftReferences 348Further Reading 365Index 366

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