Advanced Materials for Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Safety

Ashutosh Tiwari is an Associate Professor at the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, Sweden; Editor-in-Chief, Advanced Materials Letters; Secretary General, International Association of Advanced Materials; a materials chemist and also a docent in the applied physics from Linköping University, Sweden. He has published more than 350 articles, patents, and conference proceedings in the field of materials science and technology and has edited/authored more than fifteen books on the advanced state-of-the-art of materials science.  He is a founding member of the Advanced Materials World Congress and the Indian Materials Congress.Mikael Syväjärvi received his PhD degree in materials science from Linköping University, Sweden in 1999. His expertise is in materials growth and technologies of silicon carbide (SiC), graphene and related materials while his scientific focus area is material for energy and the environment. He initiated a European research collaboration in fluorescent and photovoltaic SiC, and has co-organized several symposiums at E-MRS. He has published more than 200 journal and conference papers. He is a co-inventor of The Cubic Sublimation Method for cubic SiC and the Fast Sublimation Growth Process that is applied for industrial development of fluorescent hexagonal SiC. He is also co-inventor of the High Temperature Graphene Process and a co-founder of Graphensic AB that manufactures and supplies graphene on SiC.

• Preface xv Part 1: Fundamental Methodologies 1 1 Layered Double Hydroxides and the Environment: An Overview 3Amita Jaiswal, Ravindra Kumar Gautam and Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Structure of Layered Double Hydroxides 4 1.3 Properties of Layered Double Hydroxides 6 1.4 Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides 7 1.5 Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxides 11 1.6 Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides 13 1.7 Conclusions 19 Acknowledgements 19 References 20 2 Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Alloys Applying Different Types of Silanes 27Anca-Iulia Stoica, Norica Carmen Godja, Andje Stankovic, Matthias Polzler, Erich Kny and Christoph Kleber 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 Silanes for Surface Treatment 31 2.3 Materials, Methods and Experimentals 40 2.4 Surface Analytics 42 2.5 Results and Discussion 43 2.6 Conclusions 56 Acknowledgements 57 References 57 3 New Generation Material for the Removal of Arsenic from Water 61Dinesh Kumar and Vaishali Tomar 3.1 Introduction 62 3.2 Arsenic Desorption/Sorbent Regeneration 76 3.3 Conclusions 78 Acknowledgement 79 References 79 4 Prediction and Optimization of Heavy Clay Products Quality 87Milica Arsenovic,  Lato Pezo, Lidija Mancic and Zagorka  Radojevic 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Materials and Methods 89 4.3 Results and Discussions 94 4.4 Conclusions 117 Acknowledgement 118 References 118 5 Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sugar Palm Fiber via Vacuum Resin Impregnation 121M.R. Ishak, Z. Leman, S.M. Sapuan, M.Z.A. Rahman and U.M.K. Anwar 5.1 Introduction 122 5.2 Experimental 123 5.3 Results and Discussion 125 5.4 Conclusions 138 Acknowledgments 139 References 139 6 Environmentally-Friendly Acrylates-Based Polymer Latices 145Sweta Shukla and J.S.P. Rai 6.1 Introduction 146 6.2 Polymerization Techniques 154 References 170 Part 2: Inventive Nanotechnology 177 7 Nanoparticles for Trace Analysis of Toxins: Present and Future Scenario 179Anupreet Kaur and Shivender Singh Saini 7.1 Introduction 179 7.2 Nanoremediation Using TiO2 Nanoparticles 180 7.3 Gold Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation 183 7.4 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles 184 7.5 Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation 187 7.6 Other Materials for Nanoremediation 190 7.7 Conclusion 193 References 193 8 Recent Developments in Gold Nanomaterial Catalysts for Oxidation Reaction through Green andSustainable Routes 197Biswajit Chowdhury, Chiranjit Santra, Sandip Mandal and Rawesh Kumar 8.1 Introduction 198 8.2 Propylene Epoxidation Reaction 202 8.3 Reaction Mechanism 211 8.4 Glucose Oxidation 214 8.5 Alcohol Oxidation 225 8.6 Conclusion 234 References 234 9 Nanosized Metal Oxide-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Removal: A Review 243Deepak Pathania and Pardeep Singh 9.1 Introduction 244 9.2 Nanosized Metal Oxide 246 9.3 Hybrid Adsorbents 253 9.4 Conclusion 258 References 258 10 Future Prospects of Phytosynthesized Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Functional Agents for Textiles 265Shahid-ul-Islam, Mohammad Shahid and Faqeer Mohammad 10.1 Introduction 266 10.2 Synthesis of Transition Metal Nanoparticle Using Various Plant Parts 266 10.3 Proposed Mechanisms 279 10.4 Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Antimicrobial  Agents for Textile Modifications 282 10.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Aspects 284 References 285 11 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Kineticsand Equilibrium Modeling 291Ravindra Kumar Gautam, Amita Jaiswal and Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya 11.1 Introduction 291 11.2 Sources of Heavy Metals in the Environment 292 11.3 Toxicity to Human Health and Ecosystems 299 11.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 303 11.5 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 304 11.6 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment 310 11.7 Modeling of Adsorption: Kinetic and Isotherm Models 316 11.8 Thermodynamic Analysis 322 11.9 Metal Recovery and Regeneration of Magnetic Nanoparticles 323 11.10 Conclusions 324 Acknowledgements 325 References 325 12 Potential Application of Nanoparticles as Antipathogens 333Pratima Chauhan, Mini Mishra and Deepika Gupta 12.1 Introduction 333 12.2 Applications of Nanoparticles 336 12.3 Nanoparticles in Biology 340 12.4 Uses and Advantages of Nanoparticles in Medicine 341 12.5 Antibacterial Properties of Nanomaterials 342 12.6 Antiviral properties of Nanoparticles 345 12.7 Antifungal Activity 348 12.8 Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticle inside the Body 349 12.9 Detecting the Antipathogenicity of Nanoparticles on Microorganisms in Vitro 350 12.10 Types of Nanoparticles 351 12.11 Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Conventional Methods 351 12.12 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles 353 12.13 Characterizations of Nanoparticles 355 12.14 Biocompatibility of Nanoparticles 356 12.15 Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles 356 12.16 Conclusion 359 References 360 13 Gas Barrier Properties of Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites: Application in Food Packaging 369Sarat Kumar Swain 13.1 Introduction 370 13.2 Experimental 372 13.3 Objective 372 13.4 Background of Food Packaging 373 13.5 Conclusion 382 References 382 14 Application of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Environmental Clean Up 385Ritu Singh and Virendra Misra 14.1 Introduction 386 14.2 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: A Versatile Tool for Environmental Clean Up 388 14.3 Reduction Mechanisms and Pathways 406 14.4 Pilot- and Field-Scale Studies 408 14.5 Transport of nFe0 in Environment 410 14.6 Integrated Approach 411 14.7 Challenges Ahead 412 14.8 Concluding Remarks 413 References 414 15 Typical Synthesis and Environmental Application of Novel TiO2 Nanoparticles 421Tanmay Kumar Ghorai 15.1 Introduction 421 15.2 Use of Different Dyes 424 15.3 Synthetic Methods for Novel Titania Photocatalysts 427 15.4 Novel Chemical Synthesis Routes 438 References 445 16 Zinc Oxide Nanowire Films: Solution Growth, Defect States and Electrical Conductivity 453Ajay Kushwaha and M. Aslam 16.1 Introduction 453 16.2 Solution Growth of ZnO Nanowire Films 456 16.3 Defects and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO 465 16.4 Role of Defect States in Electrical Conductivity of ZnO 469 16.5 Defects and Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanowire Films 471 16.6 ZnO Nanowires for Energy Conversion Devices 478 References 483 Index 493