Advanced Anesthesia Review

Alaa Abd-Elsayed is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology at University of Wisconsin-Madison.

• BASIC SCIENCESMonitoring Methods1. Vascular Pressures2. Brain and Spinal Cord Function3. Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation4. Cardiac Output5. Coagulation Monitors6. Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Vascular Catheters7. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)8. ASA Monitoring StandardsVentilators9. Continous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)10. Nebulizers, Humidifiers, Drug Delivery Systems11. Electrical, Fire, and Explosion HazardsAnesthesia Procedures, Methods, and Techniques12. Controlled Hypotension13. Hyperbaric Medicine: Indications and Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy14. High Altitude AnesthesiaNervous System15. Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems16. Drug Metabolism17. Intracranial Pressure18. Brain Volume19. Intracranial Pressure and Herniation20. Electroencephalography (EEG)21. Evoked PotentialsCLINICAL SCIENCESRegional Anesthesia22. Common Complications of Local Anesthetics23. Peripheral and Autonomic Nerve Blocks24. Automatic Nerver Blocks25. Nerve Blocks (Head)26. Nerve Blocks (Neck)27. Extremeties Nerve Blocks28. Truncal Nerve Blocks29. Spine Related Procedures30. Diagnosis and Management of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)31. Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia Checklist for Local Anesthetic Toxicity32. Role of Regional Anesthesia in Enhanced Recovery Protocols33. Innervation of Pelvic StructuresPharmacology34. General Concepts in Pharmacology35. Pharmacogenetics and Genetic Factors in Drug Dose-Response Relationships36. Malignant Hyperthermia37. Butyrlcholinesterase (Pseudocholinesterase) Deficiency38. Prolonged Qt Syndrome39. Rapid Metabolizers40. Addiction41. Anesthetic Implications of Addiction42. Addiction versus Tolerance43. CNS Drugs for Non-Anesthetic Use44. Non-Streroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)45. Acetaminophen46. Alpha-2 Agonists47. Tranquilizers48. Antidepressants, Anti-Parkinson Drugs49. Arousal Agents50. Antiemetics51. Anti-aspiration medications52. Chronic Opioid Dependence and Therapy53. Sympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy, Drugs, Receptors, Transmitters54. Parasympethetic: Anatomy, Drugs Receptors TransmittersCentral Nervous System55. Anatomy of Central Nervous System56. Neurologic Disorders57. Musculoskeletal System58. Epilepsy59. Coma and Hyperosmolar Coma60. Therapeutic Barbiturate Coma61. Drug Intoxication62. Paraplegia, Quadriplegia, Spinal Shock, Autonomic Hyperreflexia, Acute Spinal Cord Injury63. Airway Management in the Patient with Cervical Spine Disease64. Tetanus65. Positioning and Anesthesia in the Sitting Position67. Cerebral Protection68. Intracranial Aneurysms and A-V Malformations69. Interventional Neuroradiology70. Pituitary Adenoma71. Fluid Management in Neurosurgery72. Spinal Fluid Drainage73. Stereotactic and Gamma-Knife Techniques, Deep Brain Stimulator Placement, Intraoperative Wake-Up Techniques74. Ventriculostomy75. Awake Craniotomy76. Postoperative Visual Loss77. Hypothermia78. MAC and SedationRespiratory System Anatomy79. Divisions and Bronchoscopic Anatomy80. Bronchial and Pulmonary Circulations81. Lung Mechanics82. Normal Acid-Base Regulation83. Effects of Imbalance on Electrolytes and Organ Perfusion84. Strong Ionic Difference (SID)85. Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation86. The Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis87. Temperature Effect on Blood Gases: Alpha-Stat vs. pH-Stat88. Lung Functions and Cellular Processes89. Ventilation90. Lung Volumes91. Pulmonary Function Tests92. Obstructive Lung Disease93. Restrictive Lung Disease94. Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Respiratory Disease (Intraoperative Management)95. Respiratory Adjungts: Heliox, Nitric Oxide, Epoprostenol and Intraoperative Steroids96. Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation of the Patient with Pulmonary Disease97. Choice of Anesthesia and Anesthetic Techniques in Thoracic Surgery98. Non-Pulmonary Surgery99. Thoracic and Pulmonary Surgery100. Bronchopleural Fistula101. One-Lung Ventilation102. Thoracoscopy103. Postoperative Pain104. Ventilator Support and Extubation Criteria105. Management of Respiratory Failure106. Modes of Ventilation107. BIPAP, Airway Pressure Release Ventilation, and Prone Ventilation108. Sleep Apnea109. Complications and Side Effects of Mechnical Ventilation110. Volutrauma, Barotrauma, Biotrauma111. Management of Bronchospasm112. Lung TransplantationCardiovascular System Anatomy113. Normal Anatomy of Heart and Major Vessels114. Echocardiographic Heart Anatomy115. Cardiac Catheterization116. Ischemic Heart Disease117. Coronary Artery Bypass Procedures118. Valvular Heart Disease119. Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Prophylaxis120. Rhythym Disorders and Conduction Defects121. Pacemakers and Automated Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator (AICD)122. Perioperative Implications of Pacemaker and AICD123. Ventricular Synchronization124. Ablations, Cryotherapy, and Maze Procedure125. Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy126. Systolic vs. Diastolic Dysfunction 127. Post-obstructive Pulmonary Edema 128. Pulmonary Hypertension129. Heart Transplantation 130. Cardiac Tamponade 131. Constrictive Pericarditis 132. Mechanical Circulatory Assist Devices133. Cardiopulmonary Bypass134. Myocardial Preservation135. Preconditioning137. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB)138. Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB)139. Percutaneous Valve Repair/Replacement140. Intraaortic Balloon Pump 141. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 142. Ventricular Assist Devices143. Pulmonary Embolism144. Hypertension145. Effect of Intracardiac Shunts on Inhalation InductionVascular Diseases146. Carotid Endarterectomy147. Peripheral Arteriosclerotic Disease148. Aortic Aneurysm149. Advanced Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationGastrointestinal and Hepatic Systems150. Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal System151. Parenteral Nutrition152. Morbid Obesity/Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery153. Postoperative Hepatic Dysfunction154. Liver Transplant Surgery155. Anesthesia for Upper and Lower GI EndoscopyRenal and Urinary Systems156. Renal Anatomy157. Pathophysiology of Renal Disease158. Anesthetic Management in Renal Failure and Arteriovenous (A-V) Shunts 159. Anesthetic Management for Kidney Transplantation160. Anesthesia for Extracorporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy161. Perioperative Oliguria and Anuria162. Dialysis and Hemofiltration 163. Pharmacologic Prevention and Treatment of Renal Failure164. Urologic Surgery165. Perioperative Electrolyte Abnormalities166. Fluid Therapy and Homeostasis167. Fluid Balance During Surgery168. Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness and Goal-Directed Therapies169. Esophageal Doppler170. Complications of Transurethral Resection of the ProstateHematologic System171. Anemias172. Polycythemias173. Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytopathy174. Congenital and Acquired Factor Deficiencies175. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation176. Fibrinolysis177. Anticoagulants and Antagonists178. Coagulopathy in Trauma Patients179. Hemoglobinopathies and Porphyrias180. Transfusion Indications and Reactions181. Complications of Transfusions182. Transfusion Therapy for Massive Hemorrhage183. Transfusion Ratios: Red Blood Cells to Plasma 184. Use of Uncross Matched ProductsEndocrine and Metabolic Systems185. Anatomy of the Endocrine system186. Hypopituitary Disease187. Thyroid Gland 188. Parathyroid Disease189. Adrenal Disease190. Carcinoid Syndrome191. Diabetes Mellitus 192. Pancreas TransplantationNeuromuscular Diseases and Disorders193. Multiple Sclerosis194. Guillain-Barre Syndrome195. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease196. Muscular Dystrophies197. Mitochondrial Myopathies 198. Myasthenia Gravis199. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome200. Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes201. Ion Channel Myotonias, Myotonia Congenita and Acquired Neuromyotonia202. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis203. Hypokalemic Periodic ParalysisClinical Subspecialties115. Painful Disease States 116. Cancer Pain117. Acute and Chronic Neck and Low Back Pain118. Neuropathic Pain States119. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome120. Postherpetic Neuralgia121. Phantom Limb Pain122. Peripheral Neuropathies 123. Postoperative Epidural Analgesia 124. Neuraxial Opioids 125. Patient-Controlled Analgesia 126. Systemic Multimodal Analgesia 127. Continuous Spinal and Epidural Analgesia128. Neurolytic and Non-Neurolytic Blocks219. World Health Organization (WHO) Analgesic LadderPediatric Anesthesia220. Apparatus and Breathing Circuits221. Endotracheal Tube Selection 222. Warming Devices223. Premedications224. Agents, Techniques and Mapleson Circuits225. Induction Techniques226. Anesthetics Actions Different From Adults227. Drug Toxicities Preferentially Occurring in Children228. Opioid Dosing and Sensitivity229. Neuromuscular Blockers 230. Regional Anesthesia231. Fluid Therapy and Blood Replacement 232. NPO Guidelines for Pediatric Patients233. Problems in Intubation and Extubation 234. Neonatal Physiology 235. Cardiovascular System236. Metabolism, Fluid Distribution and Renal Function237. Thermal Regulation239. Fetal Hemoglobin 240. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 241. Congenital Heart and Major Vascular Disease242. Cyanotic Defects243. Acyanotic Defects244. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension 245. Major Vascular Malformations 246. Altered Uptake/Distribution of IV and Inhalation Anesthetics247. Cardiac Surgery; Corrective and Palliative248. Noncardiac Surgery249. Chronic Congenital Heart Disease250. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia251. Tracheoesophageal Fistula252. Neonatal Lobar Emphysema 253. Pyloric Stenosis254. Necrotizing Enterocolitis 255. Omphalocele/Gastroschisis 256. Meconium Aspiration257. Respiratory Distress Syndrome 258. Myelomeningocele259. Pnemo, Hemo, and Chylothorces260. Upper Respiratory Infections (Colds, Epiglottitis, Laryngotracheobronchitis), Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Cystic Fibrosis261. Musculoskeletal Disease262. Hydrocephalus263. Developmental Delay, Cerebral Palsy, Autism264. Childhood Obesity265. Skeletal Abnormalities in Children266. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and VATER Association267. Chromosomal Abnormalities and Other Common Pediatric Syndromes268. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis269. Malignant Hyperthermia in ChildrenAnesthetic Implications for Common Non-Neonatal Pediatric Subspecialty Surgery270. Otolaryngology 271. Neurosurgery272. Thoracic Surgery 273. General and Urologic Surgery274. Orthopedic Surgery275. Ophthalmologic Surgeries276. Pediatric Outpatient Surgery277. Systemic Medications and Routes of Administration, Multimodal Therapy.278. Regional Techniques279. Pediatric Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting280. Pediatric Sedation. Kasia. kasia.rubin@gmail.com281. Pediatric Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room Obstetric Anesthesia282. Maternal Physiology283. Placenta284. Anesthetic Drugs and Adjuvants285 Oxytocic Drugs286. Tocolytic Drugs287. Mechanisms of Placental Transfer and Placental Transfer of Specific Drugs288. Fetal Disposition of Drugs289. Drug Effects on Newborn290. Amniotic Fluid291. Labor Analgesia292. Systemic Medications293. Other Blocks294. Complications of Obstetric Anesthesia295. Physiology of Labor 296. Influence of Anesthetic Technique on Labor297. Cesarean Section 298. Anesthesia for Cerclage or Non-Obstetric Surgery299. Ectopic Pregnancy300. Spontaneous Abortion301. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease302. Autoimmune Disorders303 Endocrine Disorders304. Heart Disease305. Hematologic Disorders 306. Hypertension307. Neurologic Disorders308. Respiratory Disorders309. Renal Changes During Pregnancy310. Fetal Monitoring311. Preeclampsia and Eclampsia 312. Supine Hypotensive Syndrome313. Aspiration of Gastric Contents 314. Embolic Disorders315. Antepartum Hemorrhage316. Postpartum Hemorrhage317. Umbilical Cord Prolapse318. Retained Placenta319. Dystocia,l Malposition, and Malrepresentation320. Maternal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation321. Fever and Infection 322. Preterm Labor323. Trial of Labor after Cesarean Delivery324. Multiple Gestation325. Neonatal Resuscitation 326. Apgar Scoring327. Umbilical Cord Blood Gas328. Intrauterine Surgery329. Anesthetic Condierations in Breast-FeedingOtorhinolaryngology (ENT) Anesthesia330. Airway Endoscopy, Microlaryngeal Surgery, Laser Surgery331. Hazards and Complications 332. Intraoperative Thyroid and Parathyroid Function Monitoring333. Nerve Injury Monitoring During ENT SurgeryMiscellaneous334. Liposuction335. Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgery 336. Ophthalmologic Anesthesia337. Orthopedic Anesthesia 338. Anesthesia for Trauma Patient 339. Anesthesia for MRI340. Hemorrhagic Shock341. Mass Casualty Events342. Chemical and Biological Warfare343. Anesthesia for Outpatient Surgery344. Patient Selection and Preoperative Management 345. Discharge Criteria and Postoperative Follow Up346. Office-Based Anesthesia 347. Geriatrics348. Pharmacological Implications349. Shock States 350. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome351. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome352. Prescription Medication Overdose353. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning354. Drowning 355. Infection Control356. Needle Stick Injury 357. Intravascular Catheter and Urinary Catheter Infection358. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia359. Antimicrobials360. Mechanical Ventilation361. Post-Operative HeadacheSpecial Problems in Anesthesiology363. Electroconvulsive Therapy364. Organ Donors and Procurement365. Brain Death Criteria366. Radiological Procedures367. Ethics, Practice Management, Professionalism and Medicolegal Issues368. Ethics, Advance Directives/Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders369. Malpractice370. Initial Certification, Recertification, Maintenance of Certification and Related Issues371. Costs of Medical/Anesthesia Care and Operating Room Management 372. Definitions 373. Medications Errors 374. Reporting: Mandatory and Voluntary Systems, Legal Requirements, Anesthesia Quality Institute and Physician Quality Reporting System375. Safety Practices 376. Root Cause Analysis377. Crisis Management and Teamwork378. Quality Improvement379. Six Sigma and Lean Operations for the Anesthesiologist380. Barriers to Quality Improvement381. Federal Regulatory Requirements and Quality Payment Programs