Adjudicating over Anarchy

Geraldo Vidigal is Associate Professor at the University of Amsterdam. He holds a Ph.D. in Law (Cambridge), LLM (Sorbonne), and LLB (University of São Paulo). He has worked as Dispute Settlement Lawyer at the World Trade Organization and as Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute (Luxembourg).

• 1. Introduction: the paradox of international adjudication; 2. Law without hierarchy: sanctions, shared understandings, and compliance in horizontal legal orders; 3. Courts without power: judicial authority in international law; 4. Judicial remedies in international law: adjudicating, declaring breaches, establishing consequences; 5. Authorising sanctions: permissible responses as a judicial remedy; 6. From mere adjudication to permissible responses: the wto system of remedy repetition and remedy escalation; 7. Between remedy repetition and remedy escalation: post-judgment procedures in international law; 8. Compliance disputes before international courts: procedure and remedies; 9. Partial adjudication and remedy foreshadowing: final rulings as remedies for non-compliance; 10. Conclusion: A judicialised order in the anarchical society.

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