This book is devoted to adaptive processing of structured information similar to flexible and intelligent information processing by humans - in contrast to merely sequential processing of predominantly symbolic information within a deterministic framework. Adaptive information processing allows for a mixture of sequential and parallel processing of symbolic as well as subsymbolic information within deterministic and probabilistic frameworks.The book originates from a summer school held in September 1997 and thus is ideally suited for advanced courses on adaptive information processing and advanced learning techniques or for self-instruction. Research and design professionals active in the area of neural information processing will find it a valuable state-of-the-art survey.