Cristiano Bee is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science and Public Administration of Kadir Has University in Istanbul. Previously he was a Marie Curie Fellow at the European Institute of Istanbul Bilgi University and a Lecturer in Public Policy at the University of Surrey, where he also held the Jean Monnet Module ‘Current trends in European Integration Studies: Beyond the Eurocrisis’. He has published on the development of active citizenship in Europe, European public sphere and identity.

• 1. ​Introduction.- 2. Insights on the social construction of Europe: patterns in the permanent state of euro-crisis.- 3. Europeanization, public sphere and active citizenship.- 4. Active citizenship and its components.- 5. Active citizenship: policy developments at the EU level.- 6. Engagement and participation: opportunities and challenges for the organized civil society in the EU.- 7. Active citizenship in Italy.- 8. Active citizenship in Turkey.- 9. Active citizenship in the UK.- 10. Conclusion.

Cristiano Bee is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science and Public Administration of Kadir Has University in Istanbul. Previously he was a Marie Curie Fellow at the European Institute of Istanbul Bilgi University and a Lecturer in Public Policy at the University of Surrey, where he also held the Jean Monnet Module ‘Current trends in European Integration Studies: Beyond the Eurocrisis’. He has published on the development of active citizenship in Europe, European public sphere and identity.

• 1. ​Introduction.- 2. Insights on the social construction of Europe: patterns in the permanent state of euro-crisis.- 3. Europeanization, public sphere and active citizenship.- 4. Active citizenship and its components.- 5. Active citizenship: policy developments at the EU level.- 6. Engagement and participation: opportunities and challenges for the organized civil society in the EU.- 7. Active citizenship in Italy.- 8. Active citizenship in Turkey.- 9. Active citizenship in the UK.- 10. Conclusion.

Cristiano Bee is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science and Public Administration of Kadir Has University in Istanbul. Previously he was a Marie Curie Fellow at the European Institute of Istanbul Bilgi University and a Lecturer in Public Policy at the University of Surrey, where he also held the Jean Monnet Module ‘Current trends in European Integration Studies: Beyond the Eurocrisis’. He has published on the development of active citizenship in Europe, European public sphere and identity.

• 1. ​Introduction.- 2. Insights on the social construction of Europe: patterns in the permanent state of euro-crisis.- 3. Europeanization, public sphere and active citizenship.- 4. Active citizenship and its components.- 5. Active citizenship: policy developments at the EU level.- 6. Engagement and participation: opportunities and challenges for the organized civil society in the EU.- 7. Active citizenship in Italy.- 8. Active citizenship in Turkey.- 9. Active citizenship in the UK.- 10. Conclusion.