Acholi Intellectuals

Patrick William Otim is an associate professor of history at Bates College and affiliated faculty at the Africana Program. He is a historian of East Africa with a particular interest in northern Uganda. His work has appeared in the Journal of Eastern African Studies, Critical African Studies, International Journal of African Historical Studies, Canadian Journal of African Studies, History in Africa, and Stichproben-Vienna Journal of African Studies, among other places.

• List of Illustrations ixAcknowledgments xiIntroduction The Forgotten Acholi Intellectuals 1Chapter 1 Acholiland, 1850–1911: An Overview 27Chapter 2 Power and Authority: The Making of Acholi Intellectuals 48Chapter 3 The Roles of Court Officials: Acholi Intellectuals and the Functioning of Their Chiefdoms 75Chapter 4 The Introduction of Christianity: Acholi Intellectuals and the Spread of the New Religion 101Chapter 5 The Demise of the Old Order: Acholi Intellectuals and the Spread of Colonial Rule 141Chapter 6 The Intellectual Lives of the Transitional Acholi, 1920s–1960 173Epilogue The Destruction of Acholi Intellectuals 204Glossary of Selected Local Terms 215Source Abbreviations 219Notes 221Bibliography 267Index 279

A landmark study in African intellectual history. Patrick William Otim’s Acholi Intellectuals puts the acquisition and deployment of erudition and skill at the center of the contradictions and ironies shaping this region’s political-cultural history. In accessible prose and well-chosen detail, Otim demonstrates that complex networks of elder men and women cultivated skill and ambition among a small number of exceptional Africans who reinvented power in a fractious nineteenth century, a short colonial century of administration and bureaucracy, and a later twentieth century of nationalist frictions. - David Schoenbrun, Northwestern University Engagingly and intimately written, Acholi Intellectuals reveals how Acholi cultivated talent across a broad sweep of nineteenth and twentieth century East African history, and how historical actors both seized the opportunities and navigated the perils that successive political regimes offered. Focused on the lives of healers, war leaders, and royal messengers-who became clerks, translators, converts, writers, and elders-Patrick William Otim has written a masterful study that sets a new standard for the study of exemplary individuals in African history. - Daniel Magaziner, Yale University Patrick William Otim has written a fascinating, innovative, and meticulously documented account of Acholi history. He shows that intellectuals who played major roles before conquest worked to create an Acholi-inflected version of colonial society. We were mistaken to imagine that the most important post-conquest transformations revolved around chiefs. Instead, people who were already influential in the realm of symbolism and knowledge reimagined and recreated their own society. - Steven Feierman, University of Pennsylvania Patrick William Otim’s definitive history of Acholi intellectuals analyzes their embodied knowledge, revealing their centrality in Acholiland’s colonial history. Deeply researched, Otim’s clear, engaging, and imaginative analysis interweaves rich sources and historiographies, yielding fresh critical insights on Acholi intellectuals’ intermediary roles within Acholiland’s politics. - Michelle Moyd, Michigan State University With this book, Patrick William Otim becomes a leader in rethinking Uganda’s intellectual history. Drawing deeply from ethnographic and Acholi archival sources, Otim moves us beyond the political terrain of chiefs into the inner worlds of war leaders, royal messengers, public healers, poets, musicians, and aspiring historians. This work also manages to push Ugandan history writing beyond its obsession with kingdoms toward a more inclusive vision of republican history writing. Scholars and students of Ugandan and African political thought owe Otim a tremendous debt of gratitude. - Jonathon L. Earle, Centre College Patrick William Otim’s evidence...refutes the division of African history into precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods....Otim’s work invites historians of Africa to think again about history we thought we knew. - Holly Elisabeth Hanson, Mount Holyoke College “An important project … an impressive achievement.” - Joel Cabrita, author of Text and Authority in the South African Nazaretha Church