Munib Haroon is a Consultant Community Paediatrician, Mid Yorkshire Teaching NHS Trust.

• List of Contributors viiPreface ixAcknowledgments xiList of Abbreviations xiii1 An Introduction to Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1Munib Haroon2 An Introduction to ADHD and Its Presentation 5Munib Haroon3 The Assessment and Diagnosis of ADHD in Children and Young People 9Ayesha Qureshi4 The Treatment and Outcomes of Children and Young People with ADHD 13Munib Haroon5 ADHD: Adult Considerations 16Munib Haroon6 An Introduction to Autism 21Munib Haroon7 The Presentation Assessment and Diagnosis of Autism in Children and Young People 25Munib Haroon8 Interventions for Autistic Children and Young People 31Munib Haroon9 Autism: Adult Considerations 36Munib Haroon10 An Introduction to Intellectual Developmental Disorders 42Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge11 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Children and Young People 45Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge12 The Treatment of Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Children and Young People 51Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge13 Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Adults 55Keri- Michèle Lodge14 An Introduction to Tic Disorders and Tourette’s Disorder 61Fraser Scott15 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Tic Disorders 66Fraser Scott16 The Management and Outcome of Tic Disorders 70Fraser Scott17 An Introduction to Developmental Coordination Disorder 75Munib Haroon18 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder 78Munib Haroon19 Treatment and Interventions for Developmental Coordination Disorder 81Munib Haroon20 An Introduction to Specific Learning Disorder 84Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong21 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Specific Learning Disorder in Children and Young People 86Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong22 Specific Learning Disorder: Interventions and Management 90Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong23 Supporting Specific Learning Disorder into Adulthood 92Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong24 Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder 94Elizabeth Birley25 Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 101Monica Shaha Mini Pillay and Munib Haroon26 Assessing Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 104Monica Shaha and Mini Pillay27 Treating Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 108Monica Shaha and Mini Pillay28 Adult Mental Health in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Autism 113Conor Davidson and Sharmi Ghosh29 Adult Mental Health in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Developmental Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Tourette’s Disorder and Other Conditions 117Alwyn Kam30 The Genetic Basis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 123F. Lucy Raymond31 Neurodivergency on a Day- to- Day Basis 129Munib HaroonIndex 135

Munib Haroon is a Consultant Community Paediatrician, Mid Yorkshire Teaching NHS Trust.

• List of Contributors viiPreface ixAcknowledgments xiList of Abbreviations xiii1 An Introduction to Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1Munib Haroon2 An Introduction to ADHD and Its Presentation 5Munib Haroon3 The Assessment and Diagnosis of ADHD in Children and Young People 9Ayesha Qureshi4 The Treatment and Outcomes of Children and Young People with ADHD 13Munib Haroon5 ADHD: Adult Considerations 16Munib Haroon6 An Introduction to Autism 21Munib Haroon7 The Presentation Assessment and Diagnosis of Autism in Children and Young People 25Munib Haroon8 Interventions for Autistic Children and Young People 31Munib Haroon9 Autism: Adult Considerations 36Munib Haroon10 An Introduction to Intellectual Developmental Disorders 42Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge11 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Children and Young People 45Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge12 The Treatment of Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Children and Young People 51Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge13 Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Adults 55Keri- Michèle Lodge14 An Introduction to Tic Disorders and Tourette’s Disorder 61Fraser Scott15 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Tic Disorders 66Fraser Scott16 The Management and Outcome of Tic Disorders 70Fraser Scott17 An Introduction to Developmental Coordination Disorder 75Munib Haroon18 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder 78Munib Haroon19 Treatment and Interventions for Developmental Coordination Disorder 81Munib Haroon20 An Introduction to Specific Learning Disorder 84Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong21 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Specific Learning Disorder in Children and Young People 86Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong22 Specific Learning Disorder: Interventions and Management 90Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong23 Supporting Specific Learning Disorder into Adulthood 92Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong24 Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder 94Elizabeth Birley25 Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 101Monica Shaha Mini Pillay and Munib Haroon26 Assessing Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 104Monica Shaha and Mini Pillay27 Treating Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 108Monica Shaha and Mini Pillay28 Adult Mental Health in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Autism 113Conor Davidson and Sharmi Ghosh29 Adult Mental Health in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Developmental Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Tourette’s Disorder and Other Conditions 117Alwyn Kam30 The Genetic Basis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 123F. Lucy Raymond31 Neurodivergency on a Day- to- Day Basis 129Munib HaroonIndex 135

Munib Haroon is a Consultant Community Paediatrician, Mid Yorkshire Teaching NHS Trust.

• List of Contributors viiPreface ixAcknowledgments xiList of Abbreviations xiii1 An Introduction to Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1Munib Haroon2 An Introduction to ADHD and Its Presentation 5Munib Haroon3 The Assessment and Diagnosis of ADHD in Children and Young People 9Ayesha Qureshi4 The Treatment and Outcomes of Children and Young People with ADHD 13Munib Haroon5 ADHD: Adult Considerations 16Munib Haroon6 An Introduction to Autism 21Munib Haroon7 The Presentation Assessment and Diagnosis of Autism in Children and Young People 25Munib Haroon8 Interventions for Autistic Children and Young People 31Munib Haroon9 Autism: Adult Considerations 36Munib Haroon10 An Introduction to Intellectual Developmental Disorders 42Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge11 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Children and Young People 45Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge12 The Treatment of Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Children and Young People 51Munib Haroon and Keri- Michèle Lodge13 Intellectual Developmental Disorders in Adults 55Keri- Michèle Lodge14 An Introduction to Tic Disorders and Tourette’s Disorder 61Fraser Scott15 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Tic Disorders 66Fraser Scott16 The Management and Outcome of Tic Disorders 70Fraser Scott17 An Introduction to Developmental Coordination Disorder 75Munib Haroon18 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder 78Munib Haroon19 Treatment and Interventions for Developmental Coordination Disorder 81Munib Haroon20 An Introduction to Specific Learning Disorder 84Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong21 The Assessment and Diagnosis of Specific Learning Disorder in Children and Young People 86Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong22 Specific Learning Disorder: Interventions and Management 90Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong23 Supporting Specific Learning Disorder into Adulthood 92Tracy Laverick and Julie Armstrong24 Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder 94Elizabeth Birley25 Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 101Monica Shaha Mini Pillay and Munib Haroon26 Assessing Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 104Monica Shaha and Mini Pillay27 Treating Mental Health Conditions in Children and Young People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 108Monica Shaha and Mini Pillay28 Adult Mental Health in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Autism 113Conor Davidson and Sharmi Ghosh29 Adult Mental Health in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Developmental Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Tourette’s Disorder and Other Conditions 117Alwyn Kam30 The Genetic Basis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 123F. Lucy Raymond31 Neurodivergency on a Day- to- Day Basis 129Munib HaroonIndex 135