Thomas A. Krainz is an associate professor of history at DePaul University. He is the author of Delivering Aid: Implementing Progressive Era Welfare in the American West.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart One – WarfareChapter 1 – Revolution (El Paso)Chapter 2 – War and Genocide (Arizona)Part Two – Natural DisastersChapter 3 – Fire (Inland Empire)Chapter 4 – Flood (Heppner, Oregon)Part Three – EconomicsChapter 5 – Recession (Northern California)EpilogueList of Abbreviations in the NotesNotesBibliographyIndex

“In this fascinating book, Thomas Krainz reveals a hidden history of local aid provided to refugees and internally displaced people across the American West at the turn of the century. Examining people fleeing the Mexican Revolution or Native Americans escaping genocide, as well as victims of flood, fire, and economic distress, Krainz untangles the complex factors that generated diverging policies. Krainz’s pathbreaking work transforms our understanding of refugee history as well as, more broadly, Progressive Era welfare policies.”-Julie Greene, author of Box 25: Archival Secrets, Caribbean Workers, and the Panama Canal “In light of the modern parallels, A Great Many Refugees encourages us to think about both the definition and the mere existence of refugee experiences in turn-of-the-century America. Moreover, it pushes scholars to think about the legacy of ‘reform’ in the Progressive Era and to make important connections to the present.”-Jeffrey A. Johnson, editor of Reforming America: A Thematic Encyclopedia and Document Collection of the Progressive Era

Thomas A. Krainz is an associate professor of history at DePaul University. He is the author of Delivering Aid: Implementing Progressive Era Welfare in the American West.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart One – WarfareChapter 1 – Revolution (El Paso)Chapter 2 – War and Genocide (Arizona)Part Two – Natural DisastersChapter 3 – Fire (Inland Empire)Chapter 4 – Flood (Heppner, Oregon)Part Three – EconomicsChapter 5 – Recession (Northern California)EpilogueList of Abbreviations in the NotesNotesBibliographyIndex

“In this fascinating book, Thomas Krainz reveals a hidden history of local aid provided to refugees and internally displaced people across the American West at the turn of the century. Examining people fleeing the Mexican Revolution or Native Americans escaping genocide, as well as victims of flood, fire, and economic distress, Krainz untangles the complex factors that generated diverging policies. Krainz’s pathbreaking work transforms our understanding of refugee history as well as, more broadly, Progressive Era welfare policies.”-Julie Greene, author of Box 25: Archival Secrets, Caribbean Workers, and the Panama Canal “In light of the modern parallels, A Great Many Refugees encourages us to think about both the definition and the mere existence of refugee experiences in turn-of-the-century America. Moreover, it pushes scholars to think about the legacy of ‘reform’ in the Progressive Era and to make important connections to the present.”-Jeffrey A. Johnson, editor of Reforming America: A Thematic Encyclopedia and Document Collection of the Progressive Era

Thomas A. Krainz is an associate professor of history at DePaul University. He is the author of Delivering Aid: Implementing Progressive Era Welfare in the American West.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart One – WarfareChapter 1 – Revolution (El Paso)Chapter 2 – War and Genocide (Arizona)Part Two – Natural DisastersChapter 3 – Fire (Inland Empire)Chapter 4 – Flood (Heppner, Oregon)Part Three – EconomicsChapter 5 – Recession (Northern California)EpilogueList of Abbreviations in the NotesNotesBibliographyIndex

“In this fascinating book, Thomas Krainz reveals a hidden history of local aid provided to refugees and internally displaced people across the American West at the turn of the century. Examining people fleeing the Mexican Revolution or Native Americans escaping genocide, as well as victims of flood, fire, and economic distress, Krainz untangles the complex factors that generated diverging policies. Krainz’s pathbreaking work transforms our understanding of refugee history as well as, more broadly, Progressive Era welfare policies.”-Julie Greene, author of Box 25: Archival Secrets, Caribbean Workers, and the Panama Canal “In light of the modern parallels, A Great Many Refugees encourages us to think about both the definition and the mere existence of refugee experiences in turn-of-the-century America. Moreover, it pushes scholars to think about the legacy of ‘reform’ in the Progressive Era and to make important connections to the present.”-Jeffrey A. Johnson, editor of Reforming America: A Thematic Encyclopedia and Document Collection of the Progressive Era