A Concise History of Italy

Christopher Duggan is Professor of Modern Italian History at the University of Reading. He has written extensively on many aspects of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Italy. His books include Fascism and the Mafia (1989), Francesco Crispi: From Nation to Nationalism (2002), The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy since 1796 (2007) and Fascist Voices: An Intimate History of Mussolini's Italy (2012). All his books have been translated into Italian. He is a Commendatore of the Ordine della Stella della Solidarietà Italiana, a title conferred by the President of Italy.

• 1. The geographical determinants of disunity: the vulnerability of a long peninsula; 2. Disunity and conflict: from the Romans to the Renaissance, 400–1494, the Dark Ages, 400–1000; 3. Stagnation and reform, 1494–1789: the invasions of Italy; 4. The emergence of the national question, 1789–1849: the impact of the French Revolution; 5. Italy united; 6. The liberal state and the social question, 1870–1900: the taking of Rome; 7. Giolitti, the First World War, and the rise of Fascism: economic growth and the idealist revolt; 8. Fascism: return to order, 1922–5; 9. The republic: the resistance, 1943–5; Bibliographical essay; Chronology.

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