Martin Sauter works in the telecommunication industry as a thought leader, researcher, book author and blogger and is based in Cologne.  His interests are focused on mobile communication networks, multimedia applications and especially the wireless Internet.

• Preface xi1 Evolution from 2G over 3G to 4G 11.1 First Half of the 1990s — Voice-Centric Communication 11.2 Between 1995 and 2000: The Rise of Mobility and the Internet 11.3 Between 2000 and 2005: Dot Com Burst, Web 2.0, Mobile Internet 21.4 Between 2005 and 2010: Global Coverage, Fixed Line VoIP, and Mobile Broadband 41.5 2010 and Beyond 51.6 All over IP in Mobile — The Biggest Challenge 61.7 Summary 62 Beyond 3G Network Architectures 92.1 Overview 92.2 UMTS, HSPA, and HSPA+ 102.2.1 Introduction 102.2.2 Network Architecture 102.2.3 Air Interface and Radio Network 192.2.4 HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA) 282.2.5 HSPA+ and other Improvements: Competition for LTE 342.2.6 Competition for LTE in 5 MHz 432.3 Lte 432.3.1 Introduction 432.3.2 Network Architecture 442.3.3 Air Interface and Radio Network 492.3.4 Basic Procedures 642.3.5 Summary and Comparison with HSPA 672.3.6 LTE-Advanced 682.4 802.11 Wi-Fi 742.4.1 Introduction 742.4.2 Network Architecture 762.4.3 The Air Interface — From 802.11b to 802.11n 782.4.4 Air Interface and Resource Management 832.4.5 Basic Procedures 862.4.6 Wi-Fi Security 872.4.7 Quality of Service: 802.11e 892.4.8 Gigabit Speeds with 802.11ac and 802.11ad 902.4.9 Summary 913 Network Capacity and Usage Scenarios 953.1 Usage in Developed Markets and Emerging Economies 953.2 How to Control Mobile Usage 963.2.1 Per Minute Charging 973.2.2 Volume Charging 973.2.3 Split Charging 973.2.4 Small Screen Flat Rates 973.2.5 Strategies to Inform Users when their Subscribed Data Volume is Used Up 983.2.6 Mobile Internet Access and Prepaid 983.3 Measuring Mobile Usage from a Financial Point of View 993.4 Cell Capacity in Downlink 1003.5 Current and Future Frequency Bands for Cellular Wireless 1053.6 Cell Capacity in Uplink 1063.7 Per-User Throughput in Downlink 1093.8 Per-User Throughput in Uplink 1143.9 Traffic Estimation Per User 1163.10 Overall Wireless Network Capacity 1173.11 Network Capacity for Train Routes, Highways, and Remote Areas 1243.12 When will GSM be Switched Off? 1253.13 Cellular Network VoIP Capacity 1273.14 Wi-Fi VoIP Capacity 1303.15 Wi-Fi and Interference 1323.16 Wi-Fi Capacity in Combination with DSL, Cable, and Fiber 1343.17 Backhaul for Wireless Networks 1383.18 A Hybrid Cellular/Wi-Fi Network Today and in the Future 1434 Voice over Wireless 1494.1 Circuit-Switched Mobile Voice Telephony 1504.1.1 Circuit Switching 1504.1.2 A Voice-Optimized Radio Network 1514.1.3 The Pros of Circuit Switching 1514.1.4 The Bearer Independent Core Network Architecture 1514.2 Packet-Switched Voice Telephony 1534.2.1 Network and Applications are Separate in Packet-Switched Networks 1534.2.2 Wireless Network Architecture for Transporting IP Packets 1544.2.3 Benefits of Migrating Voice Telephony to IP 1554.2.4 Voice Telephony Evolution and Service Integration 1554.2.5 Voice Telephony over IP: The End of the Operator Monopoly 1564.3 SIP Telephony over Fixed and Wireless Networks 1574.3.1 SIP Registration 1574.3.2 Establishing a SIP Call between Two SIP Subscribers 1604.3.3 Session Description 1624.3.4 The Real-Time Transfer Protocol 1644.3.5 Establishing a SIP Call between a SIP and a PSTN Subscriber 1654.3.6 Proprietary Components of a SIP System 1674.3.7 Network Address Translation and SIP 1684.4 Voice and Related Applications over IMS 1694.4.1 IMS Basic Architecture 1734.4.2 The P-CSCF 1734.4.3 The S-CSCF and Application Servers 1754.4.4 The I-CSCF and the HSS 1774.4.5 Media Resource Functions 1804.4.6 User Identities, Subscription Profiles, and Filter Criteria 1814.4.7 IMS Registration Process 1834.4.8 IMS Session Establishment 1874.4.9 Voice Telephony Interworking with Circuit-Switched Networks 1924.4.10 Push-to-Talk, Presence, and Instant Messaging 1974.4.11 Voice Call Continuity, Dual Radio, and Single Radio Approaches 2004.4.12 IMS with Wireless LAN Hotspots and Private Wi-Fi Networks 2034.4.13 IMS and TISPAN 2074.4.14 IMS on the Mobile Device 2114.4.15 Rich Communication Service (RCS-e) 2134.4.16 Voice over LTE (VoLTE) 2154.4.17 Challenges for IMS Rollouts 2174.4.18 Opportunities for IMS Rollouts 2214.5 Voice over DSL and Cable with Femtocells 2234.5.1 Femtocells from the Network Operator’s Point of View 2254.5.2 Femtocells from the User’s Point of View 2264.5.3 Conclusion 2274.6 Unlicensed Mobile Access and Generic Access Network 2284.6.1 Technical Background 2284.6.2 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Pricing Strategies 2304.7 Network Operator Deployed Voice over IP Alternatives 2314.7.1 CS Fallback 2324.7.2 Voice over LTE via GAN 2354.7.3 Dual-Radio Devices 2364.8 Over-the-Top (OTT) Voice over IP Alternatives 2364.9 Which Voice Technology will Reign in the Future? 2375 Evolution of Mobile Devices and Operating Systems 2415.1 Introduction 2415.1.1 The ARM Architecture 2435.1.2 The x86 Architecture for Mobile Devices 2445.1.3 Changing Worlds: Android on x86, Windows on ARM 2455.1.4 From Hardware to Software 2465.2 The System Architecture for Voice-Optimized Devices 2465.3 The System Architecture for Multimedia Devices 2485.4 Mobile Graphics Acceleration 2535.4.1 2D Graphics 2535.4.2 3D Graphics 2545.5 Hardware Evolution 2565.5.1 Chipset 2575.5.2 Process Shrinking 2595.5.3 Displays 2605.5.4 Batteries 2615.5.5 Camera and Optics 2615.5.6 Global Positioning, Compass, 3D Orientation 2635.5.7 Wi-Fi 2655.5.8 Bluetooth 2675.5.9 NFC, RFID, and Mobile Payment 2685.5.10 Physical Keyboards 2715.5.11 TV Receivers 2725.5.12 TV-Out, Mobile Projectors, and DLNA 2725.6 Multimode, Multifrequency Terminals 2735.7 Wireless Notebook Connectivity 2765.8 Impact of Hardware Evolution on Future Data Traffic 2775.9 Power Consumption and User Interface as the Dividing Line in Mobile Device Evolution 2795.10 Feature Phone Operating Systems 2805.10.1 Java Platform Micro Edition 2815.10.2 Brew 2815.11 Smartphone Operating Systems 2825.11.1 Apple iOS 2825.11.2 Google Android 2835.11.3 Android, Open Source, and its Positive Influence on Innovation 2855.11.4 Other Smartphone Operating Systems 2855.11.5 Fracturization 2875.12 Operating System Tasks 2885.12.1 Multitasking 2885.12.2 Memory Management 2885.12.3 File Systems and Storage 2905.12.4 Input and Output 2905.12.5 Network Support 2915.12.6 Security 2916 Mobile Web 2.0, Apps, and Owners 2976.1 Overview 2976.2 (Mobile) Web 1.0 — How Everything Started 2986.3 Web 2.0 — Empowering the User 2996.4 Web 2.0 from the User’s Point of View 2996.4.1 Blogs 3006.4.2 Media Sharing 3006.4.3 Podcasting 3006.4.4 Advanced Search 3016.4.5 User Recommendation 3026.4.6 Wikis — Collective Writing 3026.4.7 Social Networking Sites 3036.4.8 Web Applications 3046.4.9 Mashups 3046.4.10 Virtual Worlds 3056.4.11 Long-Tail Economics 3056.5 The Ideas behind Web 2.0 3066.5.1 The Web as a Platform 3066.5.2 Harnessing Collective Intelligence 3066.5.3 Data is the next Intel Inside 3076.5.4 End of the Software Release Cycle 3086.5.5 Lightweight Programing Models 3086.5.6 Software above the Level of a Single Device 3096.5.7 Rich User Experience 3096.6 Discovering the Fabrics of Web 2.0 3106.6.1 Html 3106.6.2 Ajax 3116.6.3 Aggregation 3146.6.4 Tagging and Folksonomy 3166.6.5 Open Application Programing Interfaces 3186.6.6 Open Source 3206.7 Mobile Web 2.0 — Evolution and Revolution of Web 2.0 3216.7.1 The Seven Principles of Web 2.0 in the Mobile World 3226.7.2 Advantages of Connected Mobile Devices 3256.7.3 Access to Local Resources for Web Apps 3286.7.4 2D Barcodes and Near Field Communication (NFC) 3296.7.5 Web Page Adaptation for Mobile Devices 3306.8 (Mobile) Web 2.0 and Privacy and Security Considerations 3346.8.1 On-Page Cookies 3346.8.2 Inter-Site Cookies 3366.8.3 Flash Shared Objects 3366.8.4 Session Tracking 3376.8.5 HTML5 Security and Privacy Considerations 3386.8.6 Private Information and Personal Data in the Cloud 3386.9 Mobile Apps 3406.9.1 App Stores and Ecosystem Approaches 3416.10 Android App Programing Introduction 3426.10.1 The Eclipse Programing Environment 3426.10.2 Android and Object Oriented Programing 3426.10.3 A Basic Android Program 3446.11 Impact of Mobile Apps on Networks and Power Consumption 3496.12 Mobile Apps Security and Privacy Considerations 3516.12.1 Wi-Fi Eavesdropping 3526.12.2 Access to Private Data by Apps 3526.12.3 User Tracking by Apps and the Operating System 3536.12.4 Third-Party Information Leakage 3546.13 Summary 3547 Conclusion 357Index 361

Martin Sauter works in the telecommunication industry as a thought leader, researcher, book author and blogger and is based in Cologne.  His interests are focused on mobile communication networks, multimedia applications and especially the wireless Internet.

• Preface xi1 Evolution from 2G over 3G to 4G 11.1 First Half of the 1990s — Voice-Centric Communication 11.2 Between 1995 and 2000: The Rise of Mobility and the Internet 11.3 Between 2000 and 2005: Dot Com Burst, Web 2.0, Mobile Internet 21.4 Between 2005 and 2010: Global Coverage, Fixed Line VoIP, and Mobile Broadband 41.5 2010 and Beyond 51.6 All over IP in Mobile — The Biggest Challenge 61.7 Summary 62 Beyond 3G Network Architectures 92.1 Overview 92.2 UMTS, HSPA, and HSPA+ 102.2.1 Introduction 102.2.2 Network Architecture 102.2.3 Air Interface and Radio Network 192.2.4 HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA) 282.2.5 HSPA+ and other Improvements: Competition for LTE 342.2.6 Competition for LTE in 5 MHz 432.3 Lte 432.3.1 Introduction 432.3.2 Network Architecture 442.3.3 Air Interface and Radio Network 492.3.4 Basic Procedures 642.3.5 Summary and Comparison with HSPA 672.3.6 LTE-Advanced 682.4 802.11 Wi-Fi 742.4.1 Introduction 742.4.2 Network Architecture 762.4.3 The Air Interface — From 802.11b to 802.11n 782.4.4 Air Interface and Resource Management 832.4.5 Basic Procedures 862.4.6 Wi-Fi Security 872.4.7 Quality of Service: 802.11e 892.4.8 Gigabit Speeds with 802.11ac and 802.11ad 902.4.9 Summary 913 Network Capacity and Usage Scenarios 953.1 Usage in Developed Markets and Emerging Economies 953.2 How to Control Mobile Usage 963.2.1 Per Minute Charging 973.2.2 Volume Charging 973.2.3 Split Charging 973.2.4 Small Screen Flat Rates 973.2.5 Strategies to Inform Users when their Subscribed Data Volume is Used Up 983.2.6 Mobile Internet Access and Prepaid 983.3 Measuring Mobile Usage from a Financial Point of View 993.4 Cell Capacity in Downlink 1003.5 Current and Future Frequency Bands for Cellular Wireless 1053.6 Cell Capacity in Uplink 1063.7 Per-User Throughput in Downlink 1093.8 Per-User Throughput in Uplink 1143.9 Traffic Estimation Per User 1163.10 Overall Wireless Network Capacity 1173.11 Network Capacity for Train Routes, Highways, and Remote Areas 1243.12 When will GSM be Switched Off? 1253.13 Cellular Network VoIP Capacity 1273.14 Wi-Fi VoIP Capacity 1303.15 Wi-Fi and Interference 1323.16 Wi-Fi Capacity in Combination with DSL, Cable, and Fiber 1343.17 Backhaul for Wireless Networks 1383.18 A Hybrid Cellular/Wi-Fi Network Today and in the Future 1434 Voice over Wireless 1494.1 Circuit-Switched Mobile Voice Telephony 1504.1.1 Circuit Switching 1504.1.2 A Voice-Optimized Radio Network 1514.1.3 The Pros of Circuit Switching 1514.1.4 The Bearer Independent Core Network Architecture 1514.2 Packet-Switched Voice Telephony 1534.2.1 Network and Applications are Separate in Packet-Switched Networks 1534.2.2 Wireless Network Architecture for Transporting IP Packets 1544.2.3 Benefits of Migrating Voice Telephony to IP 1554.2.4 Voice Telephony Evolution and Service Integration 1554.2.5 Voice Telephony over IP: The End of the Operator Monopoly 1564.3 SIP Telephony over Fixed and Wireless Networks 1574.3.1 SIP Registration 1574.3.2 Establishing a SIP Call between Two SIP Subscribers 1604.3.3 Session Description 1624.3.4 The Real-Time Transfer Protocol 1644.3.5 Establishing a SIP Call between a SIP and a PSTN Subscriber 1654.3.6 Proprietary Components of a SIP System 1674.3.7 Network Address Translation and SIP 1684.4 Voice and Related Applications over IMS 1694.4.1 IMS Basic Architecture 1734.4.2 The P-CSCF 1734.4.3 The S-CSCF and Application Servers 1754.4.4 The I-CSCF and the HSS 1774.4.5 Media Resource Functions 1804.4.6 User Identities, Subscription Profiles, and Filter Criteria 1814.4.7 IMS Registration Process 1834.4.8 IMS Session Establishment 1874.4.9 Voice Telephony Interworking with Circuit-Switched Networks 1924.4.10 Push-to-Talk, Presence, and Instant Messaging 1974.4.11 Voice Call Continuity, Dual Radio, and Single Radio Approaches 2004.4.12 IMS with Wireless LAN Hotspots and Private Wi-Fi Networks 2034.4.13 IMS and TISPAN 2074.4.14 IMS on the Mobile Device 2114.4.15 Rich Communication Service (RCS-e) 2134.4.16 Voice over LTE (VoLTE) 2154.4.17 Challenges for IMS Rollouts 2174.4.18 Opportunities for IMS Rollouts 2214.5 Voice over DSL and Cable with Femtocells 2234.5.1 Femtocells from the Network Operator’s Point of View 2254.5.2 Femtocells from the User’s Point of View 2264.5.3 Conclusion 2274.6 Unlicensed Mobile Access and Generic Access Network 2284.6.1 Technical Background 2284.6.2 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Pricing Strategies 2304.7 Network Operator Deployed Voice over IP Alternatives 2314.7.1 CS Fallback 2324.7.2 Voice over LTE via GAN 2354.7.3 Dual-Radio Devices 2364.8 Over-the-Top (OTT) Voice over IP Alternatives 2364.9 Which Voice Technology will Reign in the Future? 2375 Evolution of Mobile Devices and Operating Systems 2415.1 Introduction 2415.1.1 The ARM Architecture 2435.1.2 The x86 Architecture for Mobile Devices 2445.1.3 Changing Worlds: Android on x86, Windows on ARM 2455.1.4 From Hardware to Software 2465.2 The System Architecture for Voice-Optimized Devices 2465.3 The System Architecture for Multimedia Devices 2485.4 Mobile Graphics Acceleration 2535.4.1 2D Graphics 2535.4.2 3D Graphics 2545.5 Hardware Evolution 2565.5.1 Chipset 2575.5.2 Process Shrinking 2595.5.3 Displays 2605.5.4 Batteries 2615.5.5 Camera and Optics 2615.5.6 Global Positioning, Compass, 3D Orientation 2635.5.7 Wi-Fi 2655.5.8 Bluetooth 2675.5.9 NFC, RFID, and Mobile Payment 2685.5.10 Physical Keyboards 2715.5.11 TV Receivers 2725.5.12 TV-Out, Mobile Projectors, and DLNA 2725.6 Multimode, Multifrequency Terminals 2735.7 Wireless Notebook Connectivity 2765.8 Impact of Hardware Evolution on Future Data Traffic 2775.9 Power Consumption and User Interface as the Dividing Line in Mobile Device Evolution 2795.10 Feature Phone Operating Systems 2805.10.1 Java Platform Micro Edition 2815.10.2 Brew 2815.11 Smartphone Operating Systems 2825.11.1 Apple iOS 2825.11.2 Google Android 2835.11.3 Android, Open Source, and its Positive Influence on Innovation 2855.11.4 Other Smartphone Operating Systems 2855.11.5 Fracturization 2875.12 Operating System Tasks 2885.12.1 Multitasking 2885.12.2 Memory Management 2885.12.3 File Systems and Storage 2905.12.4 Input and Output 2905.12.5 Network Support 2915.12.6 Security 2916 Mobile Web 2.0, Apps, and Owners 2976.1 Overview 2976.2 (Mobile) Web 1.0 — How Everything Started 2986.3 Web 2.0 — Empowering the User 2996.4 Web 2.0 from the User’s Point of View 2996.4.1 Blogs 3006.4.2 Media Sharing 3006.4.3 Podcasting 3006.4.4 Advanced Search 3016.4.5 User Recommendation 3026.4.6 Wikis — Collective Writing 3026.4.7 Social Networking Sites 3036.4.8 Web Applications 3046.4.9 Mashups 3046.4.10 Virtual Worlds 3056.4.11 Long-Tail Economics 3056.5 The Ideas behind Web 2.0 3066.5.1 The Web as a Platform 3066.5.2 Harnessing Collective Intelligence 3066.5.3 Data is the next Intel Inside 3076.5.4 End of the Software Release Cycle 3086.5.5 Lightweight Programing Models 3086.5.6 Software above the Level of a Single Device 3096.5.7 Rich User Experience 3096.6 Discovering the Fabrics of Web 2.0 3106.6.1 Html 3106.6.2 Ajax 3116.6.3 Aggregation 3146.6.4 Tagging and Folksonomy 3166.6.5 Open Application Programing Interfaces 3186.6.6 Open Source 3206.7 Mobile Web 2.0 — Evolution and Revolution of Web 2.0 3216.7.1 The Seven Principles of Web 2.0 in the Mobile World 3226.7.2 Advantages of Connected Mobile Devices 3256.7.3 Access to Local Resources for Web Apps 3286.7.4 2D Barcodes and Near Field Communication (NFC) 3296.7.5 Web Page Adaptation for Mobile Devices 3306.8 (Mobile) Web 2.0 and Privacy and Security Considerations 3346.8.1 On-Page Cookies 3346.8.2 Inter-Site Cookies 3366.8.3 Flash Shared Objects 3366.8.4 Session Tracking 3376.8.5 HTML5 Security and Privacy Considerations 3386.8.6 Private Information and Personal Data in the Cloud 3386.9 Mobile Apps 3406.9.1 App Stores and Ecosystem Approaches 3416.10 Android App Programing Introduction 3426.10.1 The Eclipse Programing Environment 3426.10.2 Android and Object Oriented Programing 3426.10.3 A Basic Android Program 3446.11 Impact of Mobile Apps on Networks and Power Consumption 3496.12 Mobile Apps Security and Privacy Considerations 3516.12.1 Wi-Fi Eavesdropping 3526.12.2 Access to Private Data by Apps 3526.12.3 User Tracking by Apps and the Operating System 3536.12.4 Third-Party Information Leakage 3546.13 Summary 3547 Conclusion 357Index 361

Martin Sauter works in the telecommunication industry as a thought leader, researcher, book author and blogger and is based in Cologne.  His interests are focused on mobile communication networks, multimedia applications and especially the wireless Internet.

• Preface xi1 Evolution from 2G over 3G to 4G 11.1 First Half of the 1990s — Voice-Centric Communication 11.2 Between 1995 and 2000: The Rise of Mobility and the Internet 11.3 Between 2000 and 2005: Dot Com Burst, Web 2.0, Mobile Internet 21.4 Between 2005 and 2010: Global Coverage, Fixed Line VoIP, and Mobile Broadband 41.5 2010 and Beyond 51.6 All over IP in Mobile — The Biggest Challenge 61.7 Summary 62 Beyond 3G Network Architectures 92.1 Overview 92.2 UMTS, HSPA, and HSPA+ 102.2.1 Introduction 102.2.2 Network Architecture 102.2.3 Air Interface and Radio Network 192.2.4 HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA) 282.2.5 HSPA+ and other Improvements: Competition for LTE 342.2.6 Competition for LTE in 5 MHz 432.3 Lte 432.3.1 Introduction 432.3.2 Network Architecture 442.3.3 Air Interface and Radio Network 492.3.4 Basic Procedures 642.3.5 Summary and Comparison with HSPA 672.3.6 LTE-Advanced 682.4 802.11 Wi-Fi 742.4.1 Introduction 742.4.2 Network Architecture 762.4.3 The Air Interface — From 802.11b to 802.11n 782.4.4 Air Interface and Resource Management 832.4.5 Basic Procedures 862.4.6 Wi-Fi Security 872.4.7 Quality of Service: 802.11e 892.4.8 Gigabit Speeds with 802.11ac and 802.11ad 902.4.9 Summary 913 Network Capacity and Usage Scenarios 953.1 Usage in Developed Markets and Emerging Economies 953.2 How to Control Mobile Usage 963.2.1 Per Minute Charging 973.2.2 Volume Charging 973.2.3 Split Charging 973.2.4 Small Screen Flat Rates 973.2.5 Strategies to Inform Users when their Subscribed Data Volume is Used Up 983.2.6 Mobile Internet Access and Prepaid 983.3 Measuring Mobile Usage from a Financial Point of View 993.4 Cell Capacity in Downlink 1003.5 Current and Future Frequency Bands for Cellular Wireless 1053.6 Cell Capacity in Uplink 1063.7 Per-User Throughput in Downlink 1093.8 Per-User Throughput in Uplink 1143.9 Traffic Estimation Per User 1163.10 Overall Wireless Network Capacity 1173.11 Network Capacity for Train Routes, Highways, and Remote Areas 1243.12 When will GSM be Switched Off? 1253.13 Cellular Network VoIP Capacity 1273.14 Wi-Fi VoIP Capacity 1303.15 Wi-Fi and Interference 1323.16 Wi-Fi Capacity in Combination with DSL, Cable, and Fiber 1343.17 Backhaul for Wireless Networks 1383.18 A Hybrid Cellular/Wi-Fi Network Today and in the Future 1434 Voice over Wireless 1494.1 Circuit-Switched Mobile Voice Telephony 1504.1.1 Circuit Switching 1504.1.2 A Voice-Optimized Radio Network 1514.1.3 The Pros of Circuit Switching 1514.1.4 The Bearer Independent Core Network Architecture 1514.2 Packet-Switched Voice Telephony 1534.2.1 Network and Applications are Separate in Packet-Switched Networks 1534.2.2 Wireless Network Architecture for Transporting IP Packets 1544.2.3 Benefits of Migrating Voice Telephony to IP 1554.2.4 Voice Telephony Evolution and Service Integration 1554.2.5 Voice Telephony over IP: The End of the Operator Monopoly 1564.3 SIP Telephony over Fixed and Wireless Networks 1574.3.1 SIP Registration 1574.3.2 Establishing a SIP Call between Two SIP Subscribers 1604.3.3 Session Description 1624.3.4 The Real-Time Transfer Protocol 1644.3.5 Establishing a SIP Call between a SIP and a PSTN Subscriber 1654.3.6 Proprietary Components of a SIP System 1674.3.7 Network Address Translation and SIP 1684.4 Voice and Related Applications over IMS 1694.4.1 IMS Basic Architecture 1734.4.2 The P-CSCF 1734.4.3 The S-CSCF and Application Servers 1754.4.4 The I-CSCF and the HSS 1774.4.5 Media Resource Functions 1804.4.6 User Identities, Subscription Profiles, and Filter Criteria 1814.4.7 IMS Registration Process 1834.4.8 IMS Session Establishment 1874.4.9 Voice Telephony Interworking with Circuit-Switched Networks 1924.4.10 Push-to-Talk, Presence, and Instant Messaging 1974.4.11 Voice Call Continuity, Dual Radio, and Single Radio Approaches 2004.4.12 IMS with Wireless LAN Hotspots and Private Wi-Fi Networks 2034.4.13 IMS and TISPAN 2074.4.14 IMS on the Mobile Device 2114.4.15 Rich Communication Service (RCS-e) 2134.4.16 Voice over LTE (VoLTE) 2154.4.17 Challenges for IMS Rollouts 2174.4.18 Opportunities for IMS Rollouts 2214.5 Voice over DSL and Cable with Femtocells 2234.5.1 Femtocells from the Network Operator’s Point of View 2254.5.2 Femtocells from the User’s Point of View 2264.5.3 Conclusion 2274.6 Unlicensed Mobile Access and Generic Access Network 2284.6.1 Technical Background 2284.6.2 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Pricing Strategies 2304.7 Network Operator Deployed Voice over IP Alternatives 2314.7.1 CS Fallback 2324.7.2 Voice over LTE via GAN 2354.7.3 Dual-Radio Devices 2364.8 Over-the-Top (OTT) Voice over IP Alternatives 2364.9 Which Voice Technology will Reign in the Future? 2375 Evolution of Mobile Devices and Operating Systems 2415.1 Introduction 2415.1.1 The ARM Architecture 2435.1.2 The x86 Architecture for Mobile Devices 2445.1.3 Changing Worlds: Android on x86, Windows on ARM 2455.1.4 From Hardware to Software 2465.2 The System Architecture for Voice-Optimized Devices 2465.3 The System Architecture for Multimedia Devices 2485.4 Mobile Graphics Acceleration 2535.4.1 2D Graphics 2535.4.2 3D Graphics 2545.5 Hardware Evolution 2565.5.1 Chipset 2575.5.2 Process Shrinking 2595.5.3 Displays 2605.5.4 Batteries 2615.5.5 Camera and Optics 2615.5.6 Global Positioning, Compass, 3D Orientation 2635.5.7 Wi-Fi 2655.5.8 Bluetooth 2675.5.9 NFC, RFID, and Mobile Payment 2685.5.10 Physical Keyboards 2715.5.11 TV Receivers 2725.5.12 TV-Out, Mobile Projectors, and DLNA 2725.6 Multimode, Multifrequency Terminals 2735.7 Wireless Notebook Connectivity 2765.8 Impact of Hardware Evolution on Future Data Traffic 2775.9 Power Consumption and User Interface as the Dividing Line in Mobile Device Evolution 2795.10 Feature Phone Operating Systems 2805.10.1 Java Platform Micro Edition 2815.10.2 Brew 2815.11 Smartphone Operating Systems 2825.11.1 Apple iOS 2825.11.2 Google Android 2835.11.3 Android, Open Source, and its Positive Influence on Innovation 2855.11.4 Other Smartphone Operating Systems 2855.11.5 Fracturization 2875.12 Operating System Tasks 2885.12.1 Multitasking 2885.12.2 Memory Management 2885.12.3 File Systems and Storage 2905.12.4 Input and Output 2905.12.5 Network Support 2915.12.6 Security 2916 Mobile Web 2.0, Apps, and Owners 2976.1 Overview 2976.2 (Mobile) Web 1.0 — How Everything Started 2986.3 Web 2.0 — Empowering the User 2996.4 Web 2.0 from the User’s Point of View 2996.4.1 Blogs 3006.4.2 Media Sharing 3006.4.3 Podcasting 3006.4.4 Advanced Search 3016.4.5 User Recommendation 3026.4.6 Wikis — Collective Writing 3026.4.7 Social Networking Sites 3036.4.8 Web Applications 3046.4.9 Mashups 3046.4.10 Virtual Worlds 3056.4.11 Long-Tail Economics 3056.5 The Ideas behind Web 2.0 3066.5.1 The Web as a Platform 3066.5.2 Harnessing Collective Intelligence 3066.5.3 Data is the next Intel Inside 3076.5.4 End of the Software Release Cycle 3086.5.5 Lightweight Programing Models 3086.5.6 Software above the Level of a Single Device 3096.5.7 Rich User Experience 3096.6 Discovering the Fabrics of Web 2.0 3106.6.1 Html 3106.6.2 Ajax 3116.6.3 Aggregation 3146.6.4 Tagging and Folksonomy 3166.6.5 Open Application Programing Interfaces 3186.6.6 Open Source 3206.7 Mobile Web 2.0 — Evolution and Revolution of Web 2.0 3216.7.1 The Seven Principles of Web 2.0 in the Mobile World 3226.7.2 Advantages of Connected Mobile Devices 3256.7.3 Access to Local Resources for Web Apps 3286.7.4 2D Barcodes and Near Field Communication (NFC) 3296.7.5 Web Page Adaptation for Mobile Devices 3306.8 (Mobile) Web 2.0 and Privacy and Security Considerations 3346.8.1 On-Page Cookies 3346.8.2 Inter-Site Cookies 3366.8.3 Flash Shared Objects 3366.8.4 Session Tracking 3376.8.5 HTML5 Security and Privacy Considerations 3386.8.6 Private Information and Personal Data in the Cloud 3386.9 Mobile Apps 3406.9.1 App Stores and Ecosystem Approaches 3416.10 Android App Programing Introduction 3426.10.1 The Eclipse Programing Environment 3426.10.2 Android and Object Oriented Programing 3426.10.3 A Basic Android Program 3446.11 Impact of Mobile Apps on Networks and Power Consumption 3496.12 Mobile Apps Security and Privacy Considerations 3516.12.1 Wi-Fi Eavesdropping 3526.12.2 Access to Private Data by Apps 3526.12.3 User Tracking by Apps and the Operating System 3536.12.4 Third-Party Information Leakage 3546.13 Summary 3547 Conclusion 357Index 361