3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry

Prosenjit Saha, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) at the JIS University, India Sabu Thomas, PhD, is a Professor in the School of Energy Materials, School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Science and International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCNN), Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India and a Distinguished Professor of Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa. He is also the Chairman of TrEST Research Park, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Jinku Kim, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering at Hongik University, Republic of Korea. Manojit Ghosh, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering in the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, India

• List of Contributors xvForeword xxiAjoy Kumar Ray 1 Introduction of 3D Printing and Different Bioprinting Methods 1Asmita Biswas, Baisakhee Saha, Hema Bora, Pravin Vasudeo Vaidya, Krishna Dixit, and Santanu Dhara1.1 Introduction of 3D Printing: Principles and Utility 11.2 Ink Preparation and Printability 21.3 Methods of Bioprinting in Fabrication and Tissue Engineering 51.4 Scaffold Modeling and G Coding 161.5 Applications and Utility in Large- Scale Manufacturing 181.6 Complications and Troubleshooting 25References 272 Cellular Requirements and Preparation for Bioprinting 39Shalini Dasgupta, Vriti Sharma, and Ananya Barui2.1 Introduction 392.2 Types of Bioprinting 402.3 Features Required for Bioprinting with Cells 442.4 Bioprinting Methodologies for Cell Expansion and Proliferation 552.5 The Impact of Bioprinting Process Conditions on Phenotype Alterations 572.6 Discussion 682.7 Conclusion 692.8 Future Prospects 69References 703 3D Bioprinting: Materials for Bioprinting Bioinks Selection 85Mona Moaness and Mostafa Mabrouk3.1 Introduction 853.2 Bioprinting Materials 873.3 Bioinks Selectivity Guide 903.4 Classification of Bioprinting Materials 943.5 3D Bioprinting Methods According to the Type of the Bioinks 1003.6 Bioinks Selection According to Biomedical Application 1023.7 Multicomponent Bioinks 1063.8 Future Prospects 107References 1074 Printed Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering 119Thara Tom, Samanta Sam, Josmin P. Jose, M.S. Sreekala, and Sabu Thomas4.1 Introduction 1194.2 Biomedical Application of 3D Printing 1204.3 Tissue Engineering: Emerging Applications by 3D Printing 1284.4 Conclusions 136References 1365 Printability and Shape Fidelity in Different Bioprinting Process 143Prajisha Prabhakar, Aiswarya Sathian, and Sabu Thomas5.1 Introduction 1435.2 Fundamentals of Printability 1445.3 Bioprinting Techniques and Printability 1465.4 Shape Fidelity 1525.5 Case Studies and Applications 1615.6 Conclusion 163References 1636 Advancements in Bioprinting for Medical Applications 169Kevin Y. Wu, Maxine Joly- Chevrier, Laura K. Gorwill, Michael Marchand, and Simon D. Tran6.1 Introduction 1696.2 Bioprinting for Drug Development and Testing 1706.3 Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine, and Organ Transplantation 1836.4 Bioprinting in Tissue: Challenges, Barriers to Clinical Translation, and Future Directions 2156.5 Conclusions 218Acknowledgments 218References 2197 4D-Printed, Smart, Multiresponsive Structures and Their Applications 231Jinku Kim, D.A. Gouripriya, and Prosenjit Saha7.1 Introduction 2317.2 4D- Printing Technologies 2327.3 Biomaterials for 4D Bioprinting 2347.4 Biomedical Applications for 4D Bioprinting 2397.5 Future Perspectives 244References 2468 Toxicity Aspects and Ethical Issues of Bioprinting 251Noura Al Hashimi and Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman8.1 Introduction 2518.2 Toxicity Issues in Bioprinting 2538.3 Ethical Issues in Bioprinting 2558.4 Issues in Clinical Trials 2598.5 Legal Issues in Bioprinting 2628.6 Conclusion 265References 2669 Planning Bioprinting Project 273Anish Deb, Prosenjit Saha, and Debashis Sarkar9.1 Introduction 2739.2 Background: Image Capturing and Solid Model Preparation of Virtual Anatomical Model for 3D Printing 2759.3 Conclusion 296References 29710 Computational Engineering for 3D Bioprinting: Models, Methods, and Emerging Technologies 301Vidyapati Kumar, Ankita Mistri, Varnit Jain, and Manojit Ghosh10.1 Introduction 30110.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Methods in Bioprinting 30610.3 Application of Machine Learning for 3D Bioprinting 31210.4 Summary 315References 31711 Controlling Factors of Bioprinting 323Mridula Sreedharan, D.A. Gouripriya, Ankita Deb, Yves Grohens, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Prosenjit Saha, and Sabu Thomas11.1 Introduction 32311.2 Factors Influencing the Printability of Hydrogel Bioink 32411.3 Bioink Formulation 32711.4 Influence of Printing Process on Cell Behavior 32811.5 Importance of Patterning and Surface Topography 33011.6 Contact Guidance and Directional Growth of Cells 33711.7 Cell Viability and Mitigation Process 33911.8 Possible Mitigation Techniques 34211.9 Conclusion 342References 34312 In Situ Bioprinting 347Mina Mina, Kevin Y. Wu, Ananda Kalevar, and Simon D. Tran12.1 Introduction 34712.2 Advantages of In Situ Bioprinting 34812.3 In Situ Bioprinting Technologies 35112.4 Bioinks and Biomaterials for In Situ Bioprinting 36212.5 In Situ Approaches for Tissue Regeneration 36412.6 Future Directions 37912.7 Conclusion 381Acknowledgments 382References 38213 Importance of Machine Learning in 3D Bioprinting 391Shohreh Vanaei, Saeedeh Vanaei, Michèle Kanhonou, Sofiane Khelladi, Abbas Tcharkhtchi, and Hamid Reza Vanaei13.1 Introduction 39113.2 3D Bioprinting 39213.3 Machine Learning in 3D Bioprinting 39913.4 Challenges in 3D Bioprinting Process Using ML 40413.5 Future Outlook 40513.6 Summary and Conclusion 406References 40714 Advanced Bioprinting for the Future 411D.A. Gouripriya, Soumyadeep Bera, Jaideep Adhikari, Poonam Debnath, Prosenjit Saha, and Sabu Thomas14.1 Introduction 41114.2 Electrospinning and Bioprinting 41214.3 4D Printing 41314.4 5D and 6D Printing 41814.5 Organ Printing 42114.6 Vascularized Organ on a Chip 42414.7 Multimaterial Bioprinting 42614.8 Printing in Microgravity 42914.9 In Vivo Bioprinting 43014.10 Biohybrid Robots 43214.11 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 434References 43515 Nanomaterials for Designing Functional Properties of Bioinks 441Laila Hussein, Mostafa Mabrouk, Mohamed G. Farahat, and Hanan H. Beherei15.1 3D- Bioprinting 44115.2 Designing Functional Bioinks Using Nanoscale Biomaterials 44315.3 Synthesis and Tailoring the Properties of Nanobioinks 45615.4 Nanobioinks and Tissue Engineering 46015.5 Future Outlook 462References 46316 3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry 475Saeedeh Vanaei, Shohreh Vanaei, Michèle Kanhonou, Abbas Tcharkhtchi, and Hamid Reza Vanaei16.1 Introduction 47516.2 3D Bioprinting and Its Historical Point of View 47716.3 Potential of 3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry 47816.4 The Diversity of 3D Bioprinting 47916.5 3D Bioprinting and Human Hearts 48616.6 3D Bioprinting and Microfluidic Organ- on- a-Chip Models 48816.7 Future Developments 490References 490Index 493