Subhendu Chakroborty, Ph.D., received his doctorate in chemistry from Ravenshaw University, India. He is a professor at the School of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. His research interests include the synthesis of perovskite and 2D nanomaterials for applications in biomedicine, sensors, biomaterials, etc. He has produced more than 40 scientific publications in materials science and medicinal chemistry.Kaushik Pal, Ph.D., received his doctorate in physics from the University of Kalyani, India. He is an associate professor at the University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, India. His current research focuses on nanofabrication, renewable energy materials, green chemistry, etc. He has contributed innovative discoveries and smart teaching cultivated at top-tier institutions.

• Preface xviiPart I: Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials 11 Top-Down Strategies Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 3Pranjyan Dash and Pradeep Kumar Panda1.1 Introduction 31.2 Top-Down Strategy Synthesis Method 51.3 Laser Ablation 101.4 Characterizations and Toxicity of 2D Nanomaterials 111.5 Conclusions 122 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 17Nibedita Nath, Subhendu Chakroborty and Anita Routaray2.1 Introduction 172.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterial 182.3 Synthesis Strategies 212.4 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 262.5 Conclusion and Outlook 323 Unveiling the Intricacies: Characterization Techniques for 2D Nanomaterials 43Siba Soren, Subhendu Chakroborty, Rudra N. Purusottam and Amiya Ranjan Panda3.1 Introduction 443.2 Characterization Techniques 453.3 Conclusion 53Part II: Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 594 Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 61Nandini Roy4.1 Introduction 624.2 Structure of 2D Materials 624.2.1 Graphene 624.3 Magnetic 2D Materials 654.4 Origin of Magnetization in 2D Materials 654.5 Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 664.6 Conclusion 685 Electrical, Plasmonic, and Optical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 73Ankita Subhrasmita Gadtya and Srikanta Moharana5.1 Introduction 745.2 Overview of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials (2D NMs) 775.3 Electrical Properties of 2D NMs 805.4 Optical Properties of 2D NMs 845.5 Plasmonic Properties of 2D NMs 855.6 Recent Applications of 2D NMs 875.7 Challenges and Prospective 935.8 Conclusion 93Part III: Application of 2D Nanomaterials 1036 Challenges Surrounding 2D Nanomaterials and Their Application to Photocatalytic Industrial Wastewater Treatment 105Anchit Modi and N. K. Gaur6.1 Introduction 1066.2 Photocatalysis for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 1076.3 2D Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis 1106.4 Challenges in Utilizing 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment 1126.5 Strategies to Overcome Challenges 1136.6 Case Studies and Applications 1146.7 Conclusion 1167 Application of 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Storage 121Tulasi Barik and Subhendu Chakroborty7.1 Introduction 1217.2 2D Nanomaterials for Application of Lithium Ion Batteries 1227.3 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Sodium Ion Batteries 1297.4 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Potassium Ion Batteries 1347.5 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors 1378 Innovation in Photoinduced Antibacterial 2D Nanomaterials 155Zubaid ul Khazir Rather, Shabnam Kawoosa, Gulam Nabi Yatoo, Mohd Asif Hajam, Sajad Ahmed Bhat and Javid Ahmed Banday8.1 Introduction 1568.2 Antibacterial Applications Based on Graphene-Induced Photostimulation 1598.3 Antibacterial Mechanisms of Graphene-Based Family 1688.4 Conclusion 1729 2D Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery System 185Syed Muzammil Munawar, Dhandayuthabani Rajendiran and Kaleel Basha Sabjan9.1 Introduction 1869.2 2D Material Biosynthesis 1909.3 Encapsulation of 2D Materials 1929.4 Hydrogel Encapsulation--2D Materials 1939.5 2D Material Encapsulation--Liposomes 1949.6 2D Supply Encapsulation--Micelle 1959.7 Stimuli Responsive 2D Material SDDSs--Classification 1959.8 Light-Sensitive SDDSs 1969.9 Magnetic Field-Responsive SDDSs 1969.10 Various Response Exhibits Diverse--Advantages/ Disadvantages 1979.11 2D Material SDDS Therapy--Cancer 1979.12 Antibacterial 1989.13 Orthopedic 2009.14 Diabetes Mellitus 2009.15 2D Materials in Intelligent Drug Delivery System--Advantages 2019.16 Disadvantages 2019.17 Conclusion and Future Perspective 20210 New Technology 2D Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering 209Banti Baishya, Saurav Paul, Hillol Das, Utsab Singha and Dipyaman Mohanta10.1 Introduction 21010.2 Regeneration of Tissue and Organ Repair in Nature 21110.3 Nanotechnology and Neural Tissue Engineering 21410.4 2D Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering Application 21810.5 2D Nanomaterials and Peripheral Nerve Engineering 22410.6 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Spinal Cord Repair 23110.7 2D Nanomaterials for Drug/Gene Delivery 23310.8 Challenges and Prospects 23411 Theranostic Approach of 2D Nanomaterials in Breast Cancer 241Pravati Panda, Subhendu Chakroborty and Kaushik Pal11.1 Introduction 24211.2 Applications 24312 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 263Grandprix T. M. Kadja, St Mardiana and Arxhel S. F. Nanda12.1 Introduction 26412.2 Basics of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 26512.3 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 26712.4 Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance 27612.5 Conclusion and Outlook 28013 Supercapacitor Based on 2D Nanomaterials and Their Hybrid 289Anupam Kumar and Arun Rathore13.1 Introduction 29013.2 Structure Design of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Supercapacitors 29713.3 2D Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Technology 30113.4 Conclusions 30714 2D Nanomaterials Based for Electrocatalytic Application 315Anchit Modi, D. K. Gupta, Jitendra Malviya and N. K. Gaur14.1 Introduction 31614.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterials 31814.3 Electrocatalytic Reactions Enabled by 2D Nanomaterials 32014.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives 32514.5 Conclusion 32715 Engineering 2D Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications 333Swaati Sharma, Hardeep Kaur, Mansi Thakur and Shinar Athwal15.1 Introduction 33415.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 33715.3 Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment 33815.4 Difference of 2D Materials from Bulk Materials 33915.5 2DNMS for Next-Generation Quantum and Electronic Devices 35215.6 Functionalized Hybridization of 2D Nanomaterials 35216 The Potential Applications of 2D Nanomaterials for Water Purification 361Hardeep Kaur, Swaati Sharma, Shinar Athwal, Mansi Thakur, Meenakshi Verma and Vishal Mutreja16.1 Introduction 36216.2 Contaminants Present in Water 36316.3 2D Nanomaterial-Based Water Purification Membranes 36416.4 Solar Desalination Membrane 36516.5 Filtration Membrane 36716.6 Properties of Widely Used 2DM for Water Purification 36916.7 Synthesis of 2DM 37616.8 Adsorption of Contaminants From Water 38216.9 Photocatalytic Purification of Water 38716.10 Conclusion and Future Prospects 38917 Insights into the Exciton Dynamics of Functionalized 2D Nanomaterials for Robust Photoelectrochemical Sensing Applications 397Dipyaman Mohanta, Koushik Barman, Abhinandan Mahanta, Bishal Bhuyan and Arpita Paul Chowdhury17.1 Introduction 39817.2 Basic Theory and Working Principle of Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40017.3 Experimental Setup of Photoelectrochemical Cell 40117.4 Importance of Photoactive Material in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40217.5 2D Nanomaterials in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40317.6 Current Challenges and Future Prospects 40717.7 Conclusion 40818 Fabrication of 2D Nanomaterials-Based Biosensor 415Arpita Paul Chowdhury, M. Dinamani and K. S. Anantharaju18.1 Introduction 41518.2 2D Nanomaterial Synthesis Strategies 41718.3 Role of 2D Materials in Biosensor 41818.4 Conclusions and Future Prospective 42619 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD)-Based 2D Nanomaterials for Various Kinds of Rechargeable Batteries 435Periyakaruppan Karuppasamy and Varatharaj Rajapanian19.1 Introduction 43619.2 Synthesis of 2D-TMDCs 44019.3 Applications of 2D-Transition Metal Di-Chalcogenides (2D-TMDCs) in Various Categories of Rechargeable Batteries 44319.4 Conclusion 46120 Effect of 2D Nanomaterial Addition to Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine 475Geetesh Goga and M. V. B. Unnamatla20.1 Introduction 47620.2 Performance Characteristics 47720.3 Emission Characteristics 48120.4 Conclusion 484References 485Index 489

Subhendu Chakroborty, Ph.D., received his doctorate in chemistry from Ravenshaw University, India. He is a professor at the School of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. His research interests include the synthesis of perovskite and 2D nanomaterials for applications in biomedicine, sensors, biomaterials, etc. He has produced more than 40 scientific publications in materials science and medicinal chemistry.Kaushik Pal, Ph.D., received his doctorate in physics from the University of Kalyani, India. He is an associate professor at the University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, India. His current research focuses on nanofabrication, renewable energy materials, green chemistry, etc. He has contributed innovative discoveries and smart teaching cultivated at top-tier institutions.

• Preface xviiPart I: Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials 11 Top-Down Strategies Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 3Pranjyan Dash and Pradeep Kumar Panda1.1 Introduction 31.2 Top-Down Strategy Synthesis Method 51.3 Laser Ablation 101.4 Characterizations and Toxicity of 2D Nanomaterials 111.5 Conclusions 122 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 17Nibedita Nath, Subhendu Chakroborty and Anita Routaray2.1 Introduction 172.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterial 182.3 Synthesis Strategies 212.4 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 262.5 Conclusion and Outlook 323 Unveiling the Intricacies: Characterization Techniques for 2D Nanomaterials 43Siba Soren, Subhendu Chakroborty, Rudra N. Purusottam and Amiya Ranjan Panda3.1 Introduction 443.2 Characterization Techniques 453.3 Conclusion 53Part II: Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 594 Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 61Nandini Roy4.1 Introduction 624.2 Structure of 2D Materials 624.2.1 Graphene 624.3 Magnetic 2D Materials 654.4 Origin of Magnetization in 2D Materials 654.5 Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 664.6 Conclusion 685 Electrical, Plasmonic, and Optical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 73Ankita Subhrasmita Gadtya and Srikanta Moharana5.1 Introduction 745.2 Overview of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials (2D NMs) 775.3 Electrical Properties of 2D NMs 805.4 Optical Properties of 2D NMs 845.5 Plasmonic Properties of 2D NMs 855.6 Recent Applications of 2D NMs 875.7 Challenges and Prospective 935.8 Conclusion 93Part III: Application of 2D Nanomaterials 1036 Challenges Surrounding 2D Nanomaterials and Their Application to Photocatalytic Industrial Wastewater Treatment 105Anchit Modi and N. K. Gaur6.1 Introduction 1066.2 Photocatalysis for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 1076.3 2D Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis 1106.4 Challenges in Utilizing 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment 1126.5 Strategies to Overcome Challenges 1136.6 Case Studies and Applications 1146.7 Conclusion 1167 Application of 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Storage 121Tulasi Barik and Subhendu Chakroborty7.1 Introduction 1217.2 2D Nanomaterials for Application of Lithium Ion Batteries 1227.3 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Sodium Ion Batteries 1297.4 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Potassium Ion Batteries 1347.5 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors 1378 Innovation in Photoinduced Antibacterial 2D Nanomaterials 155Zubaid ul Khazir Rather, Shabnam Kawoosa, Gulam Nabi Yatoo, Mohd Asif Hajam, Sajad Ahmed Bhat and Javid Ahmed Banday8.1 Introduction 1568.2 Antibacterial Applications Based on Graphene-Induced Photostimulation 1598.3 Antibacterial Mechanisms of Graphene-Based Family 1688.4 Conclusion 1729 2D Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery System 185Syed Muzammil Munawar, Dhandayuthabani Rajendiran and Kaleel Basha Sabjan9.1 Introduction 1869.2 2D Material Biosynthesis 1909.3 Encapsulation of 2D Materials 1929.4 Hydrogel Encapsulation--2D Materials 1939.5 2D Material Encapsulation--Liposomes 1949.6 2D Supply Encapsulation--Micelle 1959.7 Stimuli Responsive 2D Material SDDSs--Classification 1959.8 Light-Sensitive SDDSs 1969.9 Magnetic Field-Responsive SDDSs 1969.10 Various Response Exhibits Diverse--Advantages/ Disadvantages 1979.11 2D Material SDDS Therapy--Cancer 1979.12 Antibacterial 1989.13 Orthopedic 2009.14 Diabetes Mellitus 2009.15 2D Materials in Intelligent Drug Delivery System--Advantages 2019.16 Disadvantages 2019.17 Conclusion and Future Perspective 20210 New Technology 2D Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering 209Banti Baishya, Saurav Paul, Hillol Das, Utsab Singha and Dipyaman Mohanta10.1 Introduction 21010.2 Regeneration of Tissue and Organ Repair in Nature 21110.3 Nanotechnology and Neural Tissue Engineering 21410.4 2D Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering Application 21810.5 2D Nanomaterials and Peripheral Nerve Engineering 22410.6 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Spinal Cord Repair 23110.7 2D Nanomaterials for Drug/Gene Delivery 23310.8 Challenges and Prospects 23411 Theranostic Approach of 2D Nanomaterials in Breast Cancer 241Pravati Panda, Subhendu Chakroborty and Kaushik Pal11.1 Introduction 24211.2 Applications 24312 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 263Grandprix T. M. Kadja, St Mardiana and Arxhel S. F. Nanda12.1 Introduction 26412.2 Basics of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 26512.3 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 26712.4 Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance 27612.5 Conclusion and Outlook 28013 Supercapacitor Based on 2D Nanomaterials and Their Hybrid 289Anupam Kumar and Arun Rathore13.1 Introduction 29013.2 Structure Design of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Supercapacitors 29713.3 2D Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Technology 30113.4 Conclusions 30714 2D Nanomaterials Based for Electrocatalytic Application 315Anchit Modi, D. K. Gupta, Jitendra Malviya and N. K. Gaur14.1 Introduction 31614.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterials 31814.3 Electrocatalytic Reactions Enabled by 2D Nanomaterials 32014.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives 32514.5 Conclusion 32715 Engineering 2D Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications 333Swaati Sharma, Hardeep Kaur, Mansi Thakur and Shinar Athwal15.1 Introduction 33415.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 33715.3 Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment 33815.4 Difference of 2D Materials from Bulk Materials 33915.5 2DNMS for Next-Generation Quantum and Electronic Devices 35215.6 Functionalized Hybridization of 2D Nanomaterials 35216 The Potential Applications of 2D Nanomaterials for Water Purification 361Hardeep Kaur, Swaati Sharma, Shinar Athwal, Mansi Thakur, Meenakshi Verma and Vishal Mutreja16.1 Introduction 36216.2 Contaminants Present in Water 36316.3 2D Nanomaterial-Based Water Purification Membranes 36416.4 Solar Desalination Membrane 36516.5 Filtration Membrane 36716.6 Properties of Widely Used 2DM for Water Purification 36916.7 Synthesis of 2DM 37616.8 Adsorption of Contaminants From Water 38216.9 Photocatalytic Purification of Water 38716.10 Conclusion and Future Prospects 38917 Insights into the Exciton Dynamics of Functionalized 2D Nanomaterials for Robust Photoelectrochemical Sensing Applications 397Dipyaman Mohanta, Koushik Barman, Abhinandan Mahanta, Bishal Bhuyan and Arpita Paul Chowdhury17.1 Introduction 39817.2 Basic Theory and Working Principle of Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40017.3 Experimental Setup of Photoelectrochemical Cell 40117.4 Importance of Photoactive Material in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40217.5 2D Nanomaterials in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40317.6 Current Challenges and Future Prospects 40717.7 Conclusion 40818 Fabrication of 2D Nanomaterials-Based Biosensor 415Arpita Paul Chowdhury, M. Dinamani and K. S. Anantharaju18.1 Introduction 41518.2 2D Nanomaterial Synthesis Strategies 41718.3 Role of 2D Materials in Biosensor 41818.4 Conclusions and Future Prospective 42619 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD)-Based 2D Nanomaterials for Various Kinds of Rechargeable Batteries 435Periyakaruppan Karuppasamy and Varatharaj Rajapanian19.1 Introduction 43619.2 Synthesis of 2D-TMDCs 44019.3 Applications of 2D-Transition Metal Di-Chalcogenides (2D-TMDCs) in Various Categories of Rechargeable Batteries 44319.4 Conclusion 46120 Effect of 2D Nanomaterial Addition to Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine 475Geetesh Goga and M. V. B. Unnamatla20.1 Introduction 47620.2 Performance Characteristics 47720.3 Emission Characteristics 48120.4 Conclusion 484References 485Index 489

Subhendu Chakroborty, Ph.D., received his doctorate in chemistry from Ravenshaw University, India. He is a professor at the School of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. His research interests include the synthesis of perovskite and 2D nanomaterials for applications in biomedicine, sensors, biomaterials, etc. He has produced more than 40 scientific publications in materials science and medicinal chemistry.Kaushik Pal, Ph.D., received his doctorate in physics from the University of Kalyani, India. He is an associate professor at the University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, India. His current research focuses on nanofabrication, renewable energy materials, green chemistry, etc. He has contributed innovative discoveries and smart teaching cultivated at top-tier institutions.

• Preface xviiPart I: Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials 11 Top-Down Strategies Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 3Pranjyan Dash and Pradeep Kumar Panda1.1 Introduction 31.2 Top-Down Strategy Synthesis Method 51.3 Laser Ablation 101.4 Characterizations and Toxicity of 2D Nanomaterials 111.5 Conclusions 122 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 17Nibedita Nath, Subhendu Chakroborty and Anita Routaray2.1 Introduction 172.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterial 182.3 Synthesis Strategies 212.4 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 262.5 Conclusion and Outlook 323 Unveiling the Intricacies: Characterization Techniques for 2D Nanomaterials 43Siba Soren, Subhendu Chakroborty, Rudra N. Purusottam and Amiya Ranjan Panda3.1 Introduction 443.2 Characterization Techniques 453.3 Conclusion 53Part II: Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 594 Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 61Nandini Roy4.1 Introduction 624.2 Structure of 2D Materials 624.2.1 Graphene 624.3 Magnetic 2D Materials 654.4 Origin of Magnetization in 2D Materials 654.5 Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 664.6 Conclusion 685 Electrical, Plasmonic, and Optical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 73Ankita Subhrasmita Gadtya and Srikanta Moharana5.1 Introduction 745.2 Overview of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials (2D NMs) 775.3 Electrical Properties of 2D NMs 805.4 Optical Properties of 2D NMs 845.5 Plasmonic Properties of 2D NMs 855.6 Recent Applications of 2D NMs 875.7 Challenges and Prospective 935.8 Conclusion 93Part III: Application of 2D Nanomaterials 1036 Challenges Surrounding 2D Nanomaterials and Their Application to Photocatalytic Industrial Wastewater Treatment 105Anchit Modi and N. K. Gaur6.1 Introduction 1066.2 Photocatalysis for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 1076.3 2D Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis 1106.4 Challenges in Utilizing 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment 1126.5 Strategies to Overcome Challenges 1136.6 Case Studies and Applications 1146.7 Conclusion 1167 Application of 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Storage 121Tulasi Barik and Subhendu Chakroborty7.1 Introduction 1217.2 2D Nanomaterials for Application of Lithium Ion Batteries 1227.3 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Sodium Ion Batteries 1297.4 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Potassium Ion Batteries 1347.5 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors 1378 Innovation in Photoinduced Antibacterial 2D Nanomaterials 155Zubaid ul Khazir Rather, Shabnam Kawoosa, Gulam Nabi Yatoo, Mohd Asif Hajam, Sajad Ahmed Bhat and Javid Ahmed Banday8.1 Introduction 1568.2 Antibacterial Applications Based on Graphene-Induced Photostimulation 1598.3 Antibacterial Mechanisms of Graphene-Based Family 1688.4 Conclusion 1729 2D Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery System 185Syed Muzammil Munawar, Dhandayuthabani Rajendiran and Kaleel Basha Sabjan9.1 Introduction 1869.2 2D Material Biosynthesis 1909.3 Encapsulation of 2D Materials 1929.4 Hydrogel Encapsulation--2D Materials 1939.5 2D Material Encapsulation--Liposomes 1949.6 2D Supply Encapsulation--Micelle 1959.7 Stimuli Responsive 2D Material SDDSs--Classification 1959.8 Light-Sensitive SDDSs 1969.9 Magnetic Field-Responsive SDDSs 1969.10 Various Response Exhibits Diverse--Advantages/ Disadvantages 1979.11 2D Material SDDS Therapy--Cancer 1979.12 Antibacterial 1989.13 Orthopedic 2009.14 Diabetes Mellitus 2009.15 2D Materials in Intelligent Drug Delivery System--Advantages 2019.16 Disadvantages 2019.17 Conclusion and Future Perspective 20210 New Technology 2D Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering 209Banti Baishya, Saurav Paul, Hillol Das, Utsab Singha and Dipyaman Mohanta10.1 Introduction 21010.2 Regeneration of Tissue and Organ Repair in Nature 21110.3 Nanotechnology and Neural Tissue Engineering 21410.4 2D Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering Application 21810.5 2D Nanomaterials and Peripheral Nerve Engineering 22410.6 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Spinal Cord Repair 23110.7 2D Nanomaterials for Drug/Gene Delivery 23310.8 Challenges and Prospects 23411 Theranostic Approach of 2D Nanomaterials in Breast Cancer 241Pravati Panda, Subhendu Chakroborty and Kaushik Pal11.1 Introduction 24211.2 Applications 24312 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 263Grandprix T. M. Kadja, St Mardiana and Arxhel S. F. Nanda12.1 Introduction 26412.2 Basics of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 26512.3 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 26712.4 Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance 27612.5 Conclusion and Outlook 28013 Supercapacitor Based on 2D Nanomaterials and Their Hybrid 289Anupam Kumar and Arun Rathore13.1 Introduction 29013.2 Structure Design of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Supercapacitors 29713.3 2D Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Technology 30113.4 Conclusions 30714 2D Nanomaterials Based for Electrocatalytic Application 315Anchit Modi, D. K. Gupta, Jitendra Malviya and N. K. Gaur14.1 Introduction 31614.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterials 31814.3 Electrocatalytic Reactions Enabled by 2D Nanomaterials 32014.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives 32514.5 Conclusion 32715 Engineering 2D Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications 333Swaati Sharma, Hardeep Kaur, Mansi Thakur and Shinar Athwal15.1 Introduction 33415.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 33715.3 Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment 33815.4 Difference of 2D Materials from Bulk Materials 33915.5 2DNMS for Next-Generation Quantum and Electronic Devices 35215.6 Functionalized Hybridization of 2D Nanomaterials 35216 The Potential Applications of 2D Nanomaterials for Water Purification 361Hardeep Kaur, Swaati Sharma, Shinar Athwal, Mansi Thakur, Meenakshi Verma and Vishal Mutreja16.1 Introduction 36216.2 Contaminants Present in Water 36316.3 2D Nanomaterial-Based Water Purification Membranes 36416.4 Solar Desalination Membrane 36516.5 Filtration Membrane 36716.6 Properties of Widely Used 2DM for Water Purification 36916.7 Synthesis of 2DM 37616.8 Adsorption of Contaminants From Water 38216.9 Photocatalytic Purification of Water 38716.10 Conclusion and Future Prospects 38917 Insights into the Exciton Dynamics of Functionalized 2D Nanomaterials for Robust Photoelectrochemical Sensing Applications 397Dipyaman Mohanta, Koushik Barman, Abhinandan Mahanta, Bishal Bhuyan and Arpita Paul Chowdhury17.1 Introduction 39817.2 Basic Theory and Working Principle of Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40017.3 Experimental Setup of Photoelectrochemical Cell 40117.4 Importance of Photoactive Material in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40217.5 2D Nanomaterials in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 40317.6 Current Challenges and Future Prospects 40717.7 Conclusion 40818 Fabrication of 2D Nanomaterials-Based Biosensor 415Arpita Paul Chowdhury, M. Dinamani and K. S. Anantharaju18.1 Introduction 41518.2 2D Nanomaterial Synthesis Strategies 41718.3 Role of 2D Materials in Biosensor 41818.4 Conclusions and Future Prospective 42619 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD)-Based 2D Nanomaterials for Various Kinds of Rechargeable Batteries 435Periyakaruppan Karuppasamy and Varatharaj Rajapanian19.1 Introduction 43619.2 Synthesis of 2D-TMDCs 44019.3 Applications of 2D-Transition Metal Di-Chalcogenides (2D-TMDCs) in Various Categories of Rechargeable Batteries 44319.4 Conclusion 46120 Effect of 2D Nanomaterial Addition to Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine 475Geetesh Goga and M. V. B. Unnamatla20.1 Introduction 47620.2 Performance Characteristics 47720.3 Emission Characteristics 48120.4 Conclusion 484References 485Index 489