Global Settlement Dynamics

Yoann Doignon is a researcher in population geography at the IDEES Laboratory at the CNRS in Rouen, France. He is also a research associate at the Centre for Demographic Research, UCLouvain, Belgium.Sébastien Oliveau is a lecturer, as well as a geographer and demographer at the University of Aix-Marseille, and Director of MSH Paris-Saclay, France. He is also a member of the Observatoire démographique de la Méditerranée, France.

• IntroductionSébastien Oliveau And Yoann DoignonChapter 1 History of World Population and Settlement 1Pierre-Jean Thumerelle1.1 From the primitive African cradle to world “conquest” 21.1.1 The approximately one hundred or two hundred thousand years before sedentarization 21.1.2 Hypothetical Upper Paleolithic settlement 31.1.3 Agriculture, sedentarization and the first demographic revolution 41.2 The era of agrarian civilizations 71.2.1 The demographic foundation of settlement and its limits 71.2.2 The evolution of human population from Antiquity to the end of the early modern period 81.2.3 Migration and colonization of the past 111.3 Demographic transition and repopulation 131.3.1 The European demographic revolution of the 19th century 131.3.2 Transfer of the European model to new countries 151.3.3 Transformation of the European population 161.4 Contemporary demographic and urban explosion and the new settlement map 191.4.1 Liquidation of 19th century demography and the baby boom 191.4.2 Years of exponential demographics 201.4.3 A fractured global demographic dynamic 221.4.4 Densification, urbanization and metropolization 261.5 Conclusion 301.6 References 30Chapter 2 World Population Distribution Today 33Catherine Linard And Florence De Longueville2.1 Introduction 332.2 Data and methods 352.2.1 Counting the population 352.2.2 Methods for fine resolution global mapping 382.3 Analysis of the current world population distribution 402.3.1 Major settlement clusters 402.3.2 High contrasts 422.4 Factors explaining the world population distribution 492.5 Processes contributing to the evolution of population distribution 512.5.1 Natural growth 512.5.2 Movements within national borders 522.5.3 International migrations 532.5.4 Pioneer frontiers 532.6 Conclusion 542.7 References 54Chapter 3 An Urban World 63François Moriconi-Ebrard And Joan Perez3.1 Introduction: city or urban center? 633.2 Deciphering the urban world from the rural world 653.2.1 The urban world: a development in three acts 653.2.2 Urban world, rural world: a loss of meaning? 673.2.3 Reversal of migratory dynamics 693.2.4 Disappearance of the political dichotomy 723.2.5 Metropolization and metapolization 743.3 Measurement and excess in the urban world 763.3.1 National data 773.3.2 Sources 803.3.3 Large national and continental complexes 833.3.4 Factors 883.4 Contemporary forms and dynamics of urban settlement 903.4.1 Redevelopment, sprawl, new cities and neighborhoods, verticalization 903.4.2 Urban decay, deurbanization, shrinkage and perforation 943.5 Conclusion 973.6 References 99Chapter 4 Population Decline in a Growing World 105Yoann Doignon4.1 Introduction 1054.2 Population decline: theoretical elements 1084.2.1 Demographic equation 1084.2.2 Evolution of the two components of demographic dynamics 1104.3 A granular vision of the population decline in the world 1164.4 Case studies to identify geographic characteristics of population decline 1184.4.1 Decline in Japan: a population concentration in megalopolises at the expense of other spaces 1204.4.2. Widespread population decline: the case of three Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary) .. 1234.4.3. France: significant population decline in a growing country 1274.5 Conclusion: towards a retreat of the Ecumene? 1304.6 References 132Chapter 5 Residential Mobility and Settlement Dynamics 137Frédéric Audard And Samuel Carpentier-Postel5.1 Introduction 1375.2 Residential mobility: conceptual elements 1385.2.1 Geographical mobility typology 1385.2.2 Socio-economic approaches 1405.2.3 Spatial dynamics 1425.3 Panorama of residential mobility dynamics 1435.3.1 In the western hemisphere 1445.3.2 Specific logics in the Global South 1475.4 Differentiated developments 1505.4.1 In western countries 1515.4.2 In the Global South 1525.5 Conclusion 1535.6 References 155Chapter 6 Populations in Motion: How is Global Settlement Being Redefined? 161Philippe Venier And Sébastien Oliveau6.1 Introduction 1616.2 Global migration in the 21st century 1626.2.1 A comprehensive assessment of global population stocks and flows 1636.2.2 Major migration dynamics by continental area 1656.3 International migration and settlement logics 1796.3.1 Difficulty in measuring the impact on settlement 1796.3.2 Naturalizations, family reunification and regularizations 1816.4 Conclusion 1836.5 References 185Chapter 7 Migration, Environmental and Climate Change 187Marion Borderon7.1 Introduction 1877.2 Understanding the complex and multidimensional relationships of the link between environmental change and migration 1897.2.1 A summary of the renewed interest in the environment in studying migration 1897.2.2 How many of these migrants are there? The risky gamble of climate migration estimates and projections 1927.2.3 A consensual conceptual framework: summary of the effects of environmental change on human migration 1957.3. The Golden Age of empirical case studies or the pragmatic approach to grasping the complexity of the migration–environment link 1997.3.1 Fitting puzzle pieces together 1997.3.2 Providing the tools to study migrations in their environment 2027.3.3 Missing pieces of the puzzle 2047.4 Conclusion 2067.5 References 208Chapter 8 Population Projections on a Global Scale 213Élise Lévêque, Quentin Godoye And Dieynaba Ndour8.1 United Nations’ projections 2148.2 Unequal population evolution 2188.2.1 Towards a new world equilibrium in 2100 2198.2.2 Unequally distributed growth and decline 2248.3 A population distribution that fluctuates but exhibits regularities 2298.4 Conclusion 2328.5 References 233Conclusion 235Sébastien Oliveau And Yoann DoignonList of Authors 241Index 243