Mobility and Geographical Scales

Guillaume Drevon is a researcher at the Luxembourg Institute of Socioeconomic Research (LISER), and an associate researcher at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. His work focuses on the transformation of individual and collective rhythms in contemporary societies.Vincent Kaufmann is professor of urban sociology and mobility analysis at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, and scientific director of the Forum Vies Mobiles. His work focuses on mobility and the transformation of contemporary societies and territories.

• Chapter 1 Collective Thinking About Mobility Scales 1Vincent KAUFMANN and Guillaume DREVON1.1 Introduction 11.2 The notion of mobility in social sciences 31.3 The need for an integrative approach 51.4 A new research arena 81.5 Articulating spatial and temporal mobility scales 91.6 References 11Chapter 2 A Society with No Respite: Mobility as an Interdisciplinary Concept 15Christophe MINCKE2.1 Introduction 152.2 Mobility as a scale of magnitudes in a reticent capitalism (Boltanski and Chiapello) 172.2.1 Justifying inequalities 172.2.2 Inequalities in a reticular context: the project-based city 182.2.3 Project-based cities and mobility 192.3 Movement: the central element of liquid modernity (Bauman) 202.3.1 Dissolution and anchoring of solid modernity 202.3.2 The fading of ends and limits 212.3.3 The individual, the model, shopping 222.4 The alienating acceleration (Hartmut Rosa) 242.4.1 Acceleration 242.4.2 Three critiques of acceleration 252.5 The turning point of mobility (Urry and Sheller) 272.5.1 Mobilities as an analyzer of social matters 272.5.2 Mobilities in weak link societies 282.5.3 The social aspect of mobility 292.6 Mobility as an injunction (Mincke and Montulet) 292.6.1 Two spatiotemporal morphologies 302.6.2 Mobility shifts 312.6.3 The mobilitarian ideal 322.7 Contextualizing research on mobilities 342.8 References 36Chapter 3 Mobility Justice as a Political Object 37Caroline GALLEZ3.1 Introduction 373.2 Inequality and mobility justice in contemporary Western societies 383.3 Social justice and mobility, theoretical approaches 403.4 Inequalities and equity in transport and urban planning 423.4.1 Integrating equity in the evaluation of transport policies 433.4.2 Moving from inequalities in mobility to inequalities in access to facilities 443.4.3 Evaluating equity of access to facilities 453.5 Mobility justice: contributions from the social sciences 473.5.1 Ambiguities of mobility 483.5.2 Mobility regimes and differentiation of mobility rights 493.5.3 Mobility justice in the face of the ecological emergency and social inequalities 513.6 Beyond inequalities, mobility justice 533.7 References 54Chapter 4 Appropriations and Uses of Travel Time: How to Inhabit Mobility 63Juliana GONZÁLEZ4.1 Introduction 634.2 The emergence of a research field in search of a position 644.3 The basis for exploring the uses of travel time 654.3.1 What are the uses of travel time for each mode of transport? 674.3.2 What theoretical frameworks should be used to address the qualitative dimension of travel time? 724.4 Inhabiting travel time: at what cost to the environment? 744.5 The relevance of mixed methods for building a common survey base 754.6 Major research studies 774.7 Discussions and research perspectives 784.8 References 79Chapter 5 Designing Space for Walking as the Primary Mode of Travel 87Sébastien LORD and Mathilde LOISELLE5.1 Introduction 875.2 A diversity of approaches to the objective conditions of walking, first of all a question of scale? 905.2.1 Walkability of the city and the neighborhood 905.2.2 The urban quality and the walking environment 915.2.3 Applications for the development of walking environments 935.3 The conditions of operation, what is the place for the walker's experience? 955.3.1 The subjectivity of walking in its social and sensory dimensions 955.3.2 The atmosphere and its components 975.3.3 On the hermeneutic significance of atmospheres in the practice of walking 1005.4 What are the challenges of the scales of analysis for intervention in living environments? 1015.5 References 103Chapter 6 Residential Trajectories and Ways of Living: An Overview of France and Europe 107Samuel CARPENTIER-POSTEL6.1 Introduction 1076.2 Residential choice as social positioning 1086.2.1 Classical models. 1096.2.2 .. to mobility turn 1106.3 Elements of analysis of residential mobility in France and Europe 1126.3.1 General spatial dynamics of residential mobility 1126.3.2 Differentiation by life course 1146.3.3 Differentiation by social position 1176.4 Discussion and perspectives: toward new ways of living 1216.4.1 Multifaceted emerging practices 1216.4.2 Toward comprehensive and biographical approaches 1246.5 Conclusion 1266.6 References 127Chapter 7 City, State, Transnational Space: Scales and Multidisciplinary Approaches of Migrations 133Garance CLÉMENT and Camille GARDESSE7.1 Introduction 1337.2 Myths and realities of contemporary migration 1347.2.1 A majority of interregional migration 1347.2.2 More diversified and feminized international migration? 1357.2.3 Deconstructing the European "migration crisis" 1377.3 "Transnationalism", "privilege" and "bordering": taking into account other scales of migration 1397.3.1 From "immigrants" to "migrants" 1407.3.2 The notion of migratory privilege 1417.3.3 The contributions of border studies 1437.4 Cities in migration studies 1447.4.1 Spatial dispersion policies and practices 1457.4.2 A local turn in migration governance? 1467.4.3 Thinking about reception and hospitality 1477.5 Investigating migration 1487.6 Conclusion 1517.7 References 152Chapter 8 Work and High Mobility in Europe 161Emmanuel RAVALET8.1 Introduction 1618.2 High work-related mobility 1628.2.1 Intensive daily commuting 1638.2.2 Weekly commuting 1658.2.3 Fluctuating commuting patterns 1668.2.4 Frequent travel for work 1678.3 The profile of the highly mobile population 1688.4 Reasons for the use of large-scale work-related mobility 1698.5 The experience of high work-related mobility 1728.6 High mobility linked to work and digital technology, what prospects? 1738.7 Conclusion 1758.8 References 176Chapter 9 Event-Driven Mobility: From a Theoretical Approach to Practical Management 185Pascal VIOT9.1 Introduction: the challenges of contemporary event-driven mobility 1859.2 Mobility and major events: testing the host territory 1879.3 A qualitative and quantitative test 1889.4 Road policing strategy 1899.5 Toward a mobility turn of event-driven management practices 1919.5.1 The engineer's planning strategy 1929.5.2 The user-spectator's experience pathway 1949.5.3 The development of event mobility management practices 1969.6 Conclusion: toward a sociology of event-driven mobility 1979.7 References 198Chapter 10 Inland Navigation: Rethinking Mobility from an Aquatic Perspective 201Laurie DAFFE10.1 Introduction 20110.2 Societal and environmental issues of inland navigation 20210.2.1 Modal share of inland waterways in the European Union 20210.2.2 Prospects for the development of river activities and the shift from road to waterways 20310.2.3 Faster, less far, more anchored: the scales of future navigation 20610.3 Current state of knowledge 20710.3.1 Aquatic mobility, an emerging field of research 20810.3.2 Small-scale inland navigation and "people of the river," flurban lifestyles 20910.3.3 Trajectories of houseboats and river dwellers 21010.3.4 Toward "wet ontologies" 21110.3.5 The watery turn: grasping mobilities from an aquatic perspective 21310.4 Conclusion: meeting between water and land 21610.5 References 217Chapter 11 Temporary Mobilities and Neo-Nomadism 221Arnaud LE MARCHAND11.1 Introduction 22111.2 State of current knowledge and major references 22211.2.1 Socioeconomics of temporary labor migration 22211.2.2 Neo-nomadism and countercultures 22411.3 Challenges for contemporary societies 22611.4 Survey methodologies, analysis with missing data 22911.5 Place in general sociology 23211.6 Status of scientific debates and controversies in the field 23411.7 References 235Chapter 12 Towards a Rhythmology of Mobile Societies 241Guillaume DREVON and Vincent KAUFMANN12.1 Limitations of the concept of mobility 24112.2 Thinking about the entanglement of mobilities using forms of rhythm 24312.3 Responding to the challenges of mobility research with a rhythmology of mobile societies 24412.4 References 246List of Authors 249Index 251