Territorial Analysis of Environments

Etienne Cossart is a university professor and Director of the Environnement Ville Société Laboratory at the Université Lyon 3, France, specializing in physical geography.Anne Rivière-Honegger is a CNRS Research Director on environmental management and related collective practices.

• Introduction xiEtienne Cossart And Anne Rivière-HoneggerPart 1 Interactions and Flows: The Integration of Time 1Chapter 1 Environmental Issues at the Territorial Level 3Etienne Cossart1.1 Introduction 31.2 Consideration of local context effects in environmental changes 51.2.1 Principles of downscaling 61.2.2 Statistical method to detect local particularities 71.2.3 Enriching regional or even global models at the local level 91.3 Environmental changes in territorial units 111.3.1 MAUP: Modifiable Area Unit Problem 121.3.2 Integrating environmental data into territorial grids 131.4 Conclusion 181.5 References 19Chapter 2 Temporalities of Environmental Changes 21Etienne Cossart2.1 Introduction 212.2 Causalities leading to the emergence of temporal signals 232.2.1 Causalities and feedback 232.2.2 Emergence and self-organization 242.3 Modeling and deciphering temporal signals 252.3.1 Qualitative modeling of temporal signals 262.3.2 Stock-and-flow modeling 272.3.3 Cellular automata 312.4 Conclusion 362.5 References 36Chapter 3 Simulating Future Environmental Changes and Their Impacts 39Matthieu Vignal3.1 Introduction 393.2 Anticipating changes in environmental systems 403.2.1 Simulating evolution scenarios 413.2.2 Approach to constructing evolution scenarios 433.3 Selecting themes for evolution scenarios 433.3.1 Principles 443.3.2 Application example 473.4 Developing evolution scenarios 493.4.1 Principles 503.4.2 Application example 513.5 Implementing scenarios and validating simulations 543.5.1 Principles 543.5.2 Example: deforestation simulation 593.6 Feedback on the use of scenarios 623.6.1 Challenges in achieving exhaustiveness: intention versus feasibility 633.6.2 Multiple scenarios: involvement for decision support 643.6.3 Towards a necessary co-construction 653.7 Conclusion 673.8 References 68Chapter 4 Representations of the Flows Generated by Urban Lifestyle 73Natacha Gondran4.1 Introduction 734.2 Representing flows: material and energy flow analyses 784.3 Territorial life cycle assessments 844.4 Footprints 874.5 Conclusion 904.6 References 90Part 2 Integration of Stakeholder Dynamics 97Chapter 5 Interactions Among Stakeholders Regarding Environmental Issues 99Muriel Maillefert And Anne Rivière-Honegger5.1 Introduction 995.2 Stakeholder analysis framework 1035.2.1 Grid foundation: a collective action approach 1035.2.2 Context and historical background of the territory 1045.2.3 Guidelines for stakeholder analysis 1105.2.4 Coordination analysis 1145.3 Application to the Dunkirk territory 1165.3.1 Typology of stakeholders in the Dunkirk territory 1175.3.2 Stakeholder interactions in the Dunkirk territory 1185.4 Conclusion 1215.5 References 122Chapter 6 Integration of Participatory Science into Modeling Approaches 129Marc Bourgeois, Yohan Sahraoui, Julie Codina And Pierre-Olivier Mazagol6.1 Introduction 1296.2 Participatory science in environmental geography… 1326.3 …and particularly in landscape ecology 1336.4 Modeling ecological networks 1356.4.1 The A45 highway project 1376.4.2 Assessing the impact of development scenarios in the Bordeaux metropolitan area 1396.4.3 Modeling the ecological networks of the Saint-Étienne metropolis 1436.5 Summary and discussion 1486.6 References 150Part 3 Modeling Complex Environmental Systems 157Chapter 7 Modeling Anthropogenic Erosive Systems 159Brian Chaize, Aurélien Christol, Etienne Cossart, Mathieu Fressard And Jessica Pic7.1 Introduction 1597.2 Erosion in anthropogenic watersheds: context 1607.2.1 Landscape structures and erosion: a complex system 1607.2.2 Landscape structure 1637.2.3 Landscape and structural connectivity 1657.3 Landscape structure and sediment production 1667.3.1 A spatially explicit model: RUSLE 1677.3.2 Example of spatio-temporal application 1687.4 Landscape structure and sediment transfer 1727.4.1 Modeling structural connectivity 1727.4.2 Example of application in a highly anthropized watershed 1747.5 Conclusion 1787.6 References 179Chapter 8 Modeling Landscape Connectivity and Ecological Networks 185Marc Bourgeois8.1 Introduction 1858.1.1 From landscape ecology to ecological networks 1858.2 Measuring and spatializing connectivity to identify ecological networks 1948.2.1 Selection of target species 1948.2.2 Construction of the land cover map 1968.2.3 Construction of cost maps 2028.2.4 Modeling ecological networks 2038.3 Concrete examples of ecological network modeling 2068.3.1 The natural urban fabric of the City of Strasbourg: how to model the reconnection of the city’s parks using the squirrel and the noctules 2068.3.2 Integration of regional connectivity in pond restoration: a combined modeling/expert opinion approach 2088.3.3 Restoration of ecological connectivity: methodological proposal for optimized wildlife crossing locations 2108.4 Conclusion 2118.5 References 212List of Authors 221Index 223