Advanced Materials Interfaces

Ashutosh Tiwari is Chairman and Managing Director of Tekidag AB; Group Leader, Advanced Materials and Biodevices at the world premier Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre at IFM, Linköping University; Editor-in-Chief, Advanced Materials Letters and Advanced Materials Reviews; Secretary General, International Association of Advanced Materials; a materials chemist and docent in the Applied Physics with the specialization of Biosensors and Bioelectronics from Linköping University, Sweden. He has more than 400 publications in the field of materials science and nanotechnology with h-index of 30 and has edited/authored over 25 books on advanced materials and technology.Hirak K Patra completed his PhD in 2007 on "Synthetic Nanoforms as Designer and Explorer for Cellular Events" at the University of Calcutta. He moved to the Applied Physics Division of Linköping University with the prestigious Integrative Regenerative Medicine fellowship at Sweden to work with the Prof. Anthony Turner at his Biosensors and Bioelectronics Center. He has published 17 articles in top journals, 4 patents, and has been honored with several ‘Young Scientist’ awards globally.Xiumei Wang is an Associate Professor of Biomaterials at Southeast University, China.

• Preface xvPart 1 Interfaces Design, fabrication, and properties1 Mixed Protein/Polymer Nanostructures at Interfaces 3Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos and Stergios Pispas1.1 Introduction 31.2 Neutral and Charged Macromolecules at Interfaces 41.3 Interfacial Experimental Methods 71.4 Interactions of Proteins with Polymer-Free Interfaces 91.5 Polymers and Proteins in Solution 111.6 Proteins at Polymer-Modified Interfaces 141.6.1 Steric Effects 151.6.2 Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Electrostatic Nature of Interactions 211.6.3 Counterion Release: Charge Anisotropy 231.7 Protein-Loaded Interfaces with Potential for Applications 261.8 Conclusions 30References 302 Exploitation of Self-Assembly Phenomena in Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Phases for Obtaining Multifunctional Materials 37M. Giamberini and G. Malucelli2.1 Introduction 372.2 Amphiphilic Self-Assembled LCPs 412.3 Self-Assembled LCPs Through External Stimuli 442.4 Supramolecular Self-Assembled LCPs 482.5 Self-Assembled LCPs Through Surface Effects 542.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 57References 593 Scanning Probe Microscopy of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces 63Pankaj Sharma and Jan Seidel3.1 Introduction 643.2 Scanning Probe Microscopy Approach 653.2.1 Piezoresponse Force Microscopy 683.2.1.1 Advanced Modes of PFM 733.2.1.2 Resonance-Enhanced PFM 733.2.1.3 PFM Spectroscopy and Switching Spectroscopy PFM (SS-PFM) 743.2.1.4 Multi-Frequency PFM 753.2.1.5 Enhancing Temporal Resolution 763.2.1.6 Stroboscopic PFM 763.2.1.7 High-Speed PFM 783.2.2 Conductive-Atomic Force Microscopy 793.2.3 Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy 813.3 Functional Material Surfaces and Interfaces 853.3.1 Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions 863.3.2 Ferroic Domain Walls and Structural-PhaseBoundaries 933.3.3 Complex-Oxide Thin Films and Heterostructures 953.3.4 Photovoltaics 1043.4 Conclusion and Outlook 111References 1144 AFM Approaches to the Study of PDMS-Au and Carbon-Based Surfaces and Interfaces 127Giorgio Saverio Senesi, Alessandro Massaro, Angelo Galiano, and Leonardo Pellicani4.1 Introduction 1274.2 AFM Characterization of Micro–Nano Surfaces and Interfaces of Carbon-Based Materials and PDMS-Au Nanocomposites 1304.3 3D Image Processing: ImageJ tools 1364.4 Scanning Capacitance Microscopy, Kelvin Probe Microscopy, and Electromagnetic Characterization 1384.5 AFM Artifacts 1414.6 Conclusions (General Guidelines for Material Characterization by AFM) 143Acknowledgments 146References 1465 One-Dimensional Silica Nanostructures and Metal–Silica Nanocomposites: Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications 149Francesco Ruffino5.1 Introduction: The Weird World of Silica Nanowires and Metal–Silica Composite Nanowires 1505.2 Silica Nanowires: Fabrication Methodologies, Properties, and Applications 1555.2.1 Metal-Catalyzed Growth 1585.2.2 Oxide-Assisted Growth 1745.3 Metal NPs-Decorated Silica Nanowires: Fabrication Methodologies, Properties, and Applications 1775.4 Metal NPs Embedded in Silica Nanowires: Fabrication Methodologies, Properties, and Applications 1885.5 Conclusions: Open Points and Perspectives 197References 1976 Understanding the Basic Mechanisms Acting on Interfaces: Concrete Elements, Materials and Techniques 205Dimitra V. Achilllopoulou6.1 Summary 2056.2 Introduction 2076.3 Existing Knowledge on Force Transfer Mechanisms on Reinforced Concrete Interfaces 2126.3.1 Concrete Interfaces 2126.3.2 Reinforcement Effect on Concrete Interfaces 2176.3.3 Interfaces of Strengthened RC Structural Elements 2246.4 International Standards 2366.4.1 Fib Bulletin 2010 2376.4.2 ACI 318-08 2386.4.3 Greek Retrofit Code (Gre. Co.) Attuned to EN-1998/part 3 2386.5 Conclusions 241References 2427 Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (PSA) Based on Silicone 249Adrian Krzysztof Antosik and Zbigniew Czech7.1 Introduction 2497.2 Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 2507.2.1 Goal of Cross-Linking 2517.3 Significant Properties of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 2537.3.1 Tack (Initial Adhesion) 2537.3.2 Peel Adhesion (Adhesion) 2547.3.3 Shear Strength (Cohesion) 2557.3.4 Shrinkage 2557.4 Silicone PSAs 2567.4.1 Properties 2567.4.2 Effect of Cross-LinkingAgent to the BasicProperties Si–PSA 2607.4.3 Application 2677.5 Conclusion 272References 273Part 2 Functional Interfaces: Fundamentals and Frontiers8 Interfacing Gelatin with (Hydr)oxides and Metal Nanoparticles: Design of Advanced Hybrid Materials for Biomedical Engineering Applications 277Nathalie Steunou8.1 Introduction 2788.2 Physical Gelation of Gelatin 2798.3 Synthesis of Gelatin-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites 2828.3.1 Preparation of Hybrid Composites by Gelification and Complex Coacervation 2828.3.2 Processing of Gelatin-Based Hybrid Materials into Monoliths, Films, Foams and Nanofibers 2888.3.3 Synthesis of Hybrid and Core–Shell Nanoparticles and Nano-Objects 2908.4 Characterization of Gelatin-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites 2948.5 Mechanical Properties of Gelatin-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites 2968.6 Design of Gelatin-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery 3028.7 Design of Nanostructured Gelatin-Based Hybrid Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Applications 3108.8 Conclusions and Outlook 316References 3189 Implantable Materials for Local Drug Delivery in Bone Regeneration 3259.1 Bone Morphology 3259.2 Bone Fracture Healing Process 3269.3 Current Materials for Bone Regeneration 3279.3.1 Metals 3299.3.2 Ceramics 3309.3.2.1 Biodegradable Ceramics 3309.3.2.2 Non-Absorbable Ceramics 3329.3.3 Polymers 3329.3.3.1 Natural Polymers 3339.3.3.2 Synthetic Polymers 3349.3.4 Composites 3359.4 Therapeutic Molecules with Interest in Bone Regeneration 3369.4.1 Antibiotics 3379.4.2 Growth Factors 3399.4.3 Bisphosphonates 3409.4.4 Corticosteroids 3419.4.5 Hormones 3419.4.6 Antitumoral Drugs 3419.4.7 Others 3429.5 Mechanism for Loading Drugs into Implant Materials and Release Kinetics 3439.5.1 Unspecific Adsorption 3449.5.2 Physical Interactions 3459.5.3 Physical Entrapment 3489.5.4 Chemical Immobilization 3509.6 In Vitro Drug Release Studies 3509.6.1 Drug Release Kinetic Analysis 3549.7 Translation to the Human Situation 3559.8 Conclusions (Future Perspectives) 356Acknowledgments 357References 35710 Interaction of Cells with Different Micrometer and Submicrometer Topographies 379M.V. Tuttolomondo, P.N. Catalano, M.G. Bellino, and M.F. Desimone10.1 Introduction 37910.2 Synthesis of Substrates with Controlled Topography 38010.3 Methods for Creating Micro- and Nanotopographical Features 38110.4 Litography 38110.4.1 Photolithography 38110.4.2 Electron-Beam Lithography 38210.4.3 Nanoimprint Lithography 38310.4.4 Soft Lithography 38410.5 Polymer Demixing 38410.6 Self-Assembly 38510.7 Cell Material Interactions 38610.7.1 Lithography Method 38610.7.2 Polymer Demixed 39010.7.3 Cell Behaviour onto EISA obtained films 39010.7.4 Biological Evidence 39510.8 Conclusions 397Acknowledgements 399References 39911 Nanomaterial—Live Cell Interface: Mechanism and Concern 405Ark Mukhopadhyay and Hirak K. Patra11.1 Introduction 40511.2 Protein Destabilization 40711.3 Nanomaterials-Induced Oxidative Stress 40811.3.1 Transitional Metal–Oxide Nanomaterials and ROS 40911.3.2 Prooxidant Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 40911.3.3 CNT-Induced ROS Formation 41211.3.3.1 CNT-Induced Inflammation and Genotoxicity and ROS 41511.4 Nucleic Acid Damage 41511.5 Damage to Membrane Integrity and Energy Transduction 41811.6 Conclusions 418References 41912 Bioresponsive Surfaces and Interfaces Fabricated by Innovative Laser Approaches 427F. Sima, E. Axente, C. Ristoscu, O. Gallet, K. Anselme, and I.N. Mihailescu12.1 Introduction 42812.2 Pulsed Laser Methods Applied for the Grown ofInorganic and Organic Coatings 43012.3 Combinatorial Laser Approaches: New Tool for the Fabrication of Compositional Libraries of HybridCoatings 43412.4 Thin Bioresponsive Coatings Synthesized by Lasers 43712.4.1 Bioactive Inorganic Coatings Obtained by PLD 43812.4.2 Bioactive Organic Coatings Obtained by MAPLE 43912.4.3 Bioactive Inorganic–Organic Coatings Obtained by Pulsed Laser Techniques 44012.4.4 Combinatorial Thin Coatings Libraries Synthesized by C-MAPLE 44212.4.4.1 Tailoring Cell Signaling Response by Compositional Gradient Bioactive Coatings 44212.4.4.2 Coatings for Protein Immobilization and Controlled Release 44812.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 452Acknowledgments 453References 45313 Polymeric and Non-Polymeric Platforms for Cell Sheet Detachment 463Ana Civantos, Enrique Martinez-Campos, Maria E. Nash, Alberto Gallardo, Viviana Ramos and Inmaculada Aranaz13.1 Introduction 46313.2 The Extracellular Matrix 46513.3 Platforms for Cell Detachment 46613.3.1 Electroresponsive Platforms 46613.3.1.1 Electroactive Self-Assembled Monolayers 46613.3.1.2 Polyelectrolyte-Modified Surfaces 46913.3.2 Light-Induced Detachment 46913.3.2.1 Photosensitive Inorganic-Based Surfaces 46913.3.2.2 Photosensitive Organic-Based Surfaces 47113.3.3 pH-Sensitive Surfaces 47213.4 Degradable Platforms 47413.4.1 Other Detaching Systems 47613.4.2 Mechanical Platforms 47613.4.3 Magnetic Platforms 47913.4.4 Thermoresponsive Platforms 47913.4.5 Clinical Translation 48513.5 Conclusions 487References 487