WiFi, WiMAX, and LTE Multi-hop Mesh Networks

HUNG-YU WEI, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering at National Taiwan University. He is an active participant in the IEEE 802.16 and 3GPP standardization.JAROGNIEW RYKOWSKI, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Information Technology at Poznan University of Economics in Poland.SUDHIR DIXIT, PhD, is the Director of Hewlett-Packard Laboratories India, an Adjunct Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Davis (2009-2012), and a Docent in Broadband Mobile Communications for Emerging Economies at the University of Oulu in Finland. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, IET, and IETE.

• Foreword xi Preface xiiiAbout the Authors xviiList of Figures xixList of Tables xxv1 Introduction 12 Architectural Requirements for Multi-hop and Ad-Hoc Networking 92.1. When and Where Do We Need Ad-Hoc Networking? 92.2. When Do We Need Multi-hop? How Many Hops Are Sufficient/Necessary? 122.3. Anonymity versus Authorization and Authentication 132.4. Security and Privacy in Ad-Hoc Networks 172.5. Security and Privacy in Multi-hop Networks 182.6. Filtering the Traffic in Ad-Hoc Networking and Multi-hop Relaying 202.7. QoS 232.8. Addressability 242.9. Searchability 282.10. Ad-Hoc Contexts for Next-Generation Searching 292.11. Personalization Aspects in Ad-Hoc Information Access 312.12. Multi-hop Networking: Technical Aspects 322.13. Summary 342.13.1. Do We Really Need Ad-Hoc and Multi-hop Networking? If So, When and Where? 352.13.2. When and Where Do We Need Ad-Hoc Networking? 352.13.3. How Do We Effectively Combine Anonymity/Privacy with Safety/Security? 362.13.4. How Do We Personalize Network Access, Including User-Oriented Information Filtering? 372.13.5. How Do We Access Places/Devices/Information in a Highly Dynamic Environment of an Ad-Hoc and Multi-hop Network Affecting Addressability, Searchability, and Accessibility of Data? 372.13.6. How Do We Support Frequently Dis- and Reconnected Users, Including Efficient Propagation of Important Information to Newcomers? 382.13.7. How Many Hops Are Allowed/Effective for a Typical Multi-hop Information Exchange? Is Relaying Affected with the Security/Privacy Issues? 383 Application Areas for Multi-hop and Ad-Hoc Networking 423.1. Telematics 423.1.1. Introduction to Telematics Applications 423.1.2. Ad-Hoc Enhanced Navigation Support 443.1.3. Traffic Lights Assistance 523.1.4. CB-Net Application 563.1.5. City-Transportation Integrated Support 623.2. E-Ticket Applications 673.3. Telemedicine 693.4. Environment Protection 713.5. Public Safety 733.5.1. Ad-Hoc Monitoring for Public Safety Applications 743.5.2. Broadcasting Public Safety Information 813.6. Groupware 843.7. Personal, Targeted, Contextual Marketing and Shopping Guidance 853.8. Intelligent Building 873.8.1. “Intelligent Hospital” Idea 903.8.2. “Interactive Museum” Idea 923.8.3. Intelligent Ad-Hoc Cooperation at a Workplace 933.9. Business Aspects of Multi-hop and Ad-Hoc Networking 943.9.1. Monetary Unit for Ad-Hoc and Multi-hop Services 943.9.2. Which Ad-Hoc and Multi-hop Functionality Should Be Paid For? 963.9.3. Quality-of-Service and Trustability 973.9.4. Pay-per-Access Mode and Subscriptions 983.9.5. Legal Regulations 1003.9.6. Ad-Hoc and Multi-hop Networking versus Commercial Networks and Network Providers 1003.10. Summary 1024 Mesh Networking Using IEEE 802.11 Wireless Technologies 1094.1. IEEE 802.11 1104.1.1. WiFi and IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN 1114.1.2. IEEE 802.11 Mesh Network Architectures 1134.2. IEEE 802.11s: Standard for WLAN Mesh Networking 1164.2.1. Additional Functions in 802.11s 1204.2.2. WiFi Certification and Deployments of IEEE 802.11s 1204.3. Summary 1215 Wireless Relay Networking Using IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Technologies 1225.1. IEEE 802.16 Overview and Architecture 1225.2. IEEE 802.16j Relay System Overview 1235.2.1. Nontransparent Relay versus Transparent Relay 1245.2.2. Connection Types 1255.2.3. MAC PDU Transmission Mode 1265.2.4. Relay MAC PDU 1285.2.5. Subheaders in Relay MAC PDU 1315.3. IEEE 802.16j Frame Structure 1325.3.1. Frame Structure in Nontransparent Mode 1355.3.2. Frame Structure in Transparent Mode 1375.4. Path Management in 802.16j Relay 1395.4.1. Explicit Path Management 1405.4.2. Implicit Path Management 1425.4.3. Contiguous Integer Block CID Assignment for Implicit Path Management 1435.4.4. Bit Partition CID Assignment for Implicit Path Management 1445.4.5. Path Selection and Metrics 1465.5. Radio Resource Management 1475.5.1. RRM with Distributed Scheduling 1475.5.2. Bandwidth Request Mechanism in WiMAX 1475.5.3. Downlink Flow Control 1545.5.4. RRM with Centralized Scheduling 1565.5.5. SS-Initiated Bandwidth Request in Centralized Scheduling 1595.6. Interference Management 1635.6.1. Interference Measurement 1635.6.2. RS Neighborhood Discovery and Measurements 1675.6.3. Relay Amble (R-Amble) Transmission 1685.7. Initialization and Network Entry 1705.7.1. Network Entry Overview 1705.7.2. Network Entry for Relay Station 1725.7.3. Fast Reentry 1765.7.4. Network Entry for Subscriber Station (Through RS) 1775.8. Mobility Management and Handoff 1775.8.1. Design Issues: Mobility Management in Multi-hop Relay Network 1775.8.2. Overview of Mobile Station Handoff Protocol Design in 802.16j 1795.8.3. Neighborhood Network Topology Advertisement 1805.8.4. Mobile Node Scanning 1815.8.5. Association 1835.8.6. Handoff Execution 1855.8.7. Handoff Optimization with Context Transfer 1865.8.8. Mobile Relay Station Handoff 1875.9. Power Management 1895.9.1. Sleep Mode 1915.9.2. Idle Mode 1935.10. HARQ and Reliable Transmission 1955.10.1. Design Issues: HARQ in Multi-hop Relay Network 1955.10.2. Overview of HARQ Design in 802.16j 1965.10.3. HARQ in Centralized Scheduling 1975.10.4. Downlink HARQ in Nontransparent Mode 1985.10.5. Downlink HARQ in Transparent Mode: Hop-by-Hop HARQ Operation 2025.10.6. Downlink HARQ in Transparent Mode: RS-assisted HARQ 2045.10.7. Uplink HARQ in Nontransparent Mode 2075.10.8. Uplink HARQ in Transparent Mode 2095.10.9. HARQ in Distributed Scheduling 2115.11. Multicast, Broadcast, and RS Grouping 2115.11.1. Multicast and Broadcast 2115.12. RS Grouping 2155.13. Summary 2206 Wireless Relay Networking with Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2216.1. Overview of the LTE Relay System 2216.1.1. LTE Relay Deployment Scenario 2236.1.2. Overview of Resource Partitioning in In-Band Relay 2246.2. Physical Layer for LTE Relay 2266.2.1. Physical Layer Channels 2266.2.2. Frame Structure in Physical Layer Channels 2276.3. LTE Relay System Architecture 2286.3.1. Protocol Stacks for Radio Interface 2286.3.2. S1 Interface 2316.3.3. RN Initialization and Startup Procedure 2346.4. LTE Relay System Design Issues 2376.4.1. Overview of Architecture and Design Issues 2376.4.2. Design Issue: Downlink Flow Control 2386.4.3. Design Issue: End-to-End QoS Confi guration 2386.4.4. Design Issue: Un Interface Confi guration 2396.4.5. Design Issue: Connection Establishment 2406.4.6. Design Issue: Radio Link Failure and Connection Reestablishment 2406.4.7. Design Issue: Other Design Options 2416.5. Future Development in LTE Relay 2426.5.1. Mobile Relay 2426.5.2. Advanced Link Transmission 2426.5.3. Other Deployment Scenarios and Architecture 2436.6. Summary 2447 Summary 245References 247Index 251