International Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Administration Volume 1

Jay M. Shafritz, Jr., professor of public and international affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, is the author of over three dozen text and reference books on various aspects of government, management, and public administration, including Classics of Public Administration, Classics of Organization Theory, Introducing Public Administration, The HarperCollins Dictionary of American Government and Politics, The Dictionary of Twentieth Century World Politics, Words on War, and Shakespeare on Management .

• Editorial Board -- Foreword -- Preface -- A -- Ability to Pay -- Absenteeism -- Absolute Immunity -- Accountability -- Accounting -- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Policy -- Acronym -- Action Learning -- Action Research -- Action Theory -- Active Listening -- Adjudication -- Administocracy -- Administration -- Administrative Conservatorship -- Administrative Corporatism -- Administrative Discretion -- Administrative Disinvestment -- Administrative Fiction -- Administrative Law -- Administrative Law Judge -- Administrative Modernization in African Developing Countries -- Administrative Morality -- Administrative Natural Justice -- Administrative Policies -- Administrative Praxis -- Administrative Procedure Acts -- Administrative Searches and Seizures -- Administrative State -- Adversary System -- Adverse Impact -- Advocacy -- Advocacy Organizations -- Affirmative Action -- Affirmative Action Plan -- AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations) -- African Administrative Tradition -- Agency -- Agency Budget Success -- Agency Mission -- Agency Theory -- Al-Farabi, Abu Al-Nassar Mohammed (872–950) -- Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamed Mohammed Ahmad (1058–1111) -- Al-Marwardi, Abu Al-Hassan Ali Bin Habeeb Al-Basri (957–1058) -- Alcoholism -- Alienation -- Alternative Dispute Resolution -- Alternative Fund -- American Association of Fund-Raising Counsel, Inc. (AAFRC) -- American Administrative Tradition -- Annexation -- Annual Campaign -- Antitrust -- Applied Behavioral Science (ABS) -- Apprentice -- Appropriate Technology -- Arab Administrative Development Organization (ARADO) -- Arbitrary and Capricious Behavior -- Archives -- Argyris, Chris (1923–) -- Arts Administration (Arts Management) -- Aspirational Management -- Assessment Center -- Association for Research on Non-Profit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA) -- Association Management -- Asymmetrical Federalism -- At-Risk Populations -- Audit -- Auditor General -- Australian Administrative Tradition -- Authority -- B -- Backbencher -- Balanced Budget Requirement -- Balancing Test -- Barnard, Chester I. (1886–1961) -- Battered Women’s Movement -- Benefit-Cost Analysis -- Bentham, Jeremy (1748–1832) -- Best Practices -- The Beveridge Report -- Biennial Budgeting -- Bill of Attainder -- The Bill of Rights -- Bismarck, Otto Von (1815–1898) -- Blacksburg Manifesto -- Board of Directors -- Boundaryless -- Brainstorming -- The British Administrative Tradition to 1914 -- British Administrative Tradition from 1914 -- Broadcasting Policy -- Brownlow Commission -- Budget Adjustments, City -- Budget Analyst -- Budget Projection, Baseline -- Budget Control -- Budget Cycle -- Budget Ethics -- Budget Format -- Budget Guidance -- Budget Patterns -- Budget Reform -- Budget Strategy -- Budget Success -- Budget Theory -- Budget Tools, Commonsense -- Budgeting -- Budgeting and Poverty -- Burden of Proof -- Burden Sharing -- Bureaucracy -- Bureaucrat Bashing -- Bureaucrat, Budget Maximizing -- Bureaupathology -- Burnout -- Businesslike Management -- Bylaws -- C -- Cabinet Government -- Cabinet Office -- Campaign Management -- Canon Law -- Capacity Building -- Capital Budgeting -- Capital Campaign -- Capital Investments -- Career Counseling -- Career Development -- Career Ladder -- Case Statement -- Case Study -- Cash Management -- Causality -- Cause-Related Marketing -- Centrally Planned Economy -- Certification of Eligibles -- Certified Fund-Raising Executive (CFRE) -- Certiorari -- Challenge Gift -- Chaos Theory -- Charisma -- Charitable Contributions -- Charitable Organization (“Charity”) -- Chief Financial Officer -- Child Labor -- Chinese Administrative Tradition -- Christian Democracy -- Circuit Rider -- Citizen Participation -- Citizen’s Charter -- Citizenship Ethics -- Civil Law -- Civil Liberties -- Civil Service Commission -- Civil Service Examinations -- Civil Service Reform -- Class Action -- Client Orientation -- Codes of Conduct -- Codes of Ethics -- Code Word -- Cognitive Dissonance -- Collective Bargaining -- Collective Responsibility -- Colonial Liberalism -- Combined Operations -- Command -- Commercialization -- Commitment, Employee -- Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) -- Communitarianism -- Community Control -- Community Foundations -- Community Policing -- Community Power -- Comparable Worth -- Comparative Public Administration -- Comparative Public Budgeting -- Compensation Policy -- Competence -- Competition Policy -- Competitive Tendering -- Comprehensive Planning -- Conflict Management -- Conflict Management, Organizational -- Conflict of Interest -- Conflict Resolution -- Congressional Budget Office -- Congressional Budget Process -- Congressional Government -- Consolidation (Agency Level) -- Constitution of the United States -- Constitutional Framework -- Constitutional Law -- Constitutional Reform -- Constitutionalism -- Constructivism -- Consultants -- Consumer Price Index (CPI) -- Contingency Planning -- Contract Administration -- Contract Failure -- Contractarianism -- Contracting Out -- Contractorization -- Control (Internal Controls) -- Coombs Commission -- Co-Optation -- Coproduction -- Corporate Foundations -- Corporate Funders -- Corporate Management -- Corporate Planning -- Corporatization -- Corrections Administration -- Corruption -- Cost Accounting. The gathering and processing of cost information for external reporting and internal decisionmaking -- Cost Overruns -- Cost Effectiveness -- Cost of Living Adjustments (COLAs) -- Costing-Out -- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -- Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) -- Council of Europe -- Council on Foundations -- County -- County Supremacy Movement -- Court of Justice of the European Communities -- Court Order -- Covenant or Restrictive Covenant -- Credit Ratings -- Credit Reform -- Credit Reform Implementation -- Crime Control Policy -- Crisis Intervention -- Criteria/Alternatives Matrix -- Critical Theory (of Public Organizations) -- Crosswalk -- Crowd-Out -- Crowding Out -- Cultural Bias -- Cultural Imperialism -- Cutback Management