Edited by Franz T. Lohrke, Spencer Family Professor of Entrepreneurship, Raymond J. Harbert College of Business, Auburn University, Joseph J. Cabral, Assistant Professor of Entrepreneurship, Bentley University and Cynthia Frownfelter-Lohrke, Professor of Accounting, Brock School of Business, Samford University, USA

• ContentsEntrepreneurship, digitalization,and digital entrepreneurship 1PART I ENTREPRENEURIALCONCEPTS AND CONTEXTS1 Cash flow management 11Garrison LaDuca2 Corporate entrepreneurship 15Matthew J. Mazzei3 Entrepreneurial exits 21Kaushik Gala and Manjot S. Bhussar4 Family business anddigitalization 25Sonia M. Strano5 Family business branding 30Sonia M. Strano6 Founding teams 36J. Daniel Aldave and JasmineN. Kelley7 Funding pitches 42Franz T. Lohrke8 Inequities in financial capitalaccess 46William G. Obenauer9 Initial public offerings 50Majid Rahimi10 Key financial metrics for newand small businesses 56Kyle W. Outlaw11 Social entrepreneurship 62Franz T. Lohrke and Patrick J. Murphy12 Strategic entrepreneurship 68Matthew J MazzeiPART II ENTREPRENEURSHIPTHEORIES ANDTHEORETICALFRAMEWORKS13 Absorptive capacity 74Jose Santiago-Anadón andMatthew J. Mazzei14 Agency theory 79Athina Skiadopoulou andMajid Rahimi15 Attention-based view of thefirm 85Athina Skiadopoulou16 Dark personality traits 91Tyler N. A. Fezzey17 Decision-Making Biases andHeuristics 97Sana Zafar and Katie C. Alexander18 Entrepreneurial alertness 101Art Carden and Reginald J. Harris19 Entrepreneurial ecosystems anddigitization 107Yu Liu, Lei Xu, and ChristinaTheodoraki20 Entrepreneurial identity 113Kate McCombs21 Entrepreneurial orientation 117Joshua V. White and MatthewJ. Mazzei22 Entrepreneurial passion 123Ying Schwarte and Jasmine N. Kelley23 Entrepreneurial resilience 127Debby Osias24 Entrepreneurial self-efficacy 133Kate McCombs25 External enablers: the role ofdigital technologies 136Per Davidsson26 Individual entrepreneurialorientation 139Tyler N. A. Fezzey and Joshua V. White27 Opportunity evaluation 145Eduardo A. Meléndez andMatthew S. Wood28 Opportunity exploitation 150Franz T. Lohrke29 Opportunity recognition 155Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquitaand Joseph J. Cabral30 Optimal distinctiveness 160Franz T. Lohrke31 Signaling theory 163Josue Reynoso32 Social capital 169Reginald Harris33 Social cognitive theory 173Katie C. Alexander and Sana Zafar34 Spatial thinking anddigital geospatial tools forentrepreneurship 176William J. Ritchie, JosephKerski and Franz T. LohrkePART III DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIESAND APPLICATIONS35 Additive manufacturingin entrepreneurship anddigitalization 185Alexandra Q. Lohrke36 Artificial intelligence: a broadoverview 187Cynthia Frownfelter-Lohrke37 Artificial intelligence: creativeeffects 191Shafagh Rezaei and WilliamG. Obenauer38 Artificial intelligence:implications for competitiveadvantage 195Jasmine N. Kelleyand Franz T. Lohrke39 Artificial intelligence’s role asan external enabler 202Joseph Fox40 Big data 205Franz T. Lohrke41 Blockchain 210Franz T. Lohrke42 Chatbots 215Jasmine N. Kelley43 Crowdfunding 219Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquitaand Shane W. Reid44 Crowdsourcing 224Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquita45 Digital affordances andentrepreneurial action 229Petrit Ademi46 Digital platforms 233Franz T. Lohrke, LaKami T.Baker, and Qiongrui (Missy) Yao47 Entrepreneurial applications ofgenerative artificial intelligence 239Jeremy C. Short48 Gig economy 242Franz T. Lohrke49 Industry 4.0 246Adam R. Ficken50 Internet of Things 252Franz T. Lohrke51 Modularity in digitaltechnologies 256Josue Reynoso52 Omnichannel marketing 261Franz T. Lohrke53 Online influencers’ rolein building new venturelegitimacy 266Kevin Heupel, Duygu Philips,and Matthew W. Rutherford54 Paradoxical entrepreneurialdecision-making amongst high-and low-technology ventures 273Jonathan C. Preedom andAmy E. Ingram55 Search engine optimization 280Franz T. Lohrke56 Social media platforms 284Franz T. Lohrke

Edited by Franz T. Lohrke, Spencer Family Professor of Entrepreneurship, Raymond J. Harbert College of Business, Auburn University, Joseph J. Cabral, Assistant Professor of Entrepreneurship, Bentley University and Cynthia Frownfelter-Lohrke, Professor of Accounting, Brock School of Business, Samford University, USA

• ContentsEntrepreneurship, digitalization,and digital entrepreneurship 1PART I ENTREPRENEURIALCONCEPTS AND CONTEXTS1 Cash flow management 11Garrison LaDuca2 Corporate entrepreneurship 15Matthew J. Mazzei3 Entrepreneurial exits 21Kaushik Gala and Manjot S. Bhussar4 Family business anddigitalization 25Sonia M. Strano5 Family business branding 30Sonia M. Strano6 Founding teams 36J. Daniel Aldave and JasmineN. Kelley7 Funding pitches 42Franz T. Lohrke8 Inequities in financial capitalaccess 46William G. Obenauer9 Initial public offerings 50Majid Rahimi10 Key financial metrics for newand small businesses 56Kyle W. Outlaw11 Social entrepreneurship 62Franz T. Lohrke and Patrick J. Murphy12 Strategic entrepreneurship 68Matthew J MazzeiPART II ENTREPRENEURSHIPTHEORIES ANDTHEORETICALFRAMEWORKS13 Absorptive capacity 74Jose Santiago-Anadón andMatthew J. Mazzei14 Agency theory 79Athina Skiadopoulou andMajid Rahimi15 Attention-based view of thefirm 85Athina Skiadopoulou16 Dark personality traits 91Tyler N. A. Fezzey17 Decision-Making Biases andHeuristics 97Sana Zafar and Katie C. Alexander18 Entrepreneurial alertness 101Art Carden and Reginald J. Harris19 Entrepreneurial ecosystems anddigitization 107Yu Liu, Lei Xu, and ChristinaTheodoraki20 Entrepreneurial identity 113Kate McCombs21 Entrepreneurial orientation 117Joshua V. White and MatthewJ. Mazzei22 Entrepreneurial passion 123Ying Schwarte and Jasmine N. Kelley23 Entrepreneurial resilience 127Debby Osias24 Entrepreneurial self-efficacy 133Kate McCombs25 External enablers: the role ofdigital technologies 136Per Davidsson26 Individual entrepreneurialorientation 139Tyler N. A. Fezzey and Joshua V. White27 Opportunity evaluation 145Eduardo A. Meléndez andMatthew S. Wood28 Opportunity exploitation 150Franz T. Lohrke29 Opportunity recognition 155Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquitaand Joseph J. Cabral30 Optimal distinctiveness 160Franz T. Lohrke31 Signaling theory 163Josue Reynoso32 Social capital 169Reginald Harris33 Social cognitive theory 173Katie C. Alexander and Sana Zafar34 Spatial thinking anddigital geospatial tools forentrepreneurship 176William J. Ritchie, JosephKerski and Franz T. LohrkePART III DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIESAND APPLICATIONS35 Additive manufacturingin entrepreneurship anddigitalization 185Alexandra Q. Lohrke36 Artificial intelligence: a broadoverview 187Cynthia Frownfelter-Lohrke37 Artificial intelligence: creativeeffects 191Shafagh Rezaei and WilliamG. Obenauer38 Artificial intelligence:implications for competitiveadvantage 195Jasmine N. Kelleyand Franz T. Lohrke39 Artificial intelligence’s role asan external enabler 202Joseph Fox40 Big data 205Franz T. Lohrke41 Blockchain 210Franz T. Lohrke42 Chatbots 215Jasmine N. Kelley43 Crowdfunding 219Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquitaand Shane W. Reid44 Crowdsourcing 224Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquita45 Digital affordances andentrepreneurial action 229Petrit Ademi46 Digital platforms 233Franz T. Lohrke, LaKami T.Baker, and Qiongrui (Missy) Yao47 Entrepreneurial applications ofgenerative artificial intelligence 239Jeremy C. Short48 Gig economy 242Franz T. Lohrke49 Industry 4.0 246Adam R. Ficken50 Internet of Things 252Franz T. Lohrke51 Modularity in digitaltechnologies 256Josue Reynoso52 Omnichannel marketing 261Franz T. Lohrke53 Online influencers’ rolein building new venturelegitimacy 266Kevin Heupel, Duygu Philips,and Matthew W. Rutherford54 Paradoxical entrepreneurialdecision-making amongst high-and low-technology ventures 273Jonathan C. Preedom andAmy E. Ingram55 Search engine optimization 280Franz T. Lohrke56 Social media platforms 284Franz T. Lohrke

Edited by Franz T. Lohrke, Spencer Family Professor of Entrepreneurship, Raymond J. Harbert College of Business, Auburn University, Joseph J. Cabral, Assistant Professor of Entrepreneurship, Bentley University and Cynthia Frownfelter-Lohrke, Professor of Accounting, Brock School of Business, Samford University, USA

• ContentsEntrepreneurship, digitalization,and digital entrepreneurship 1PART I ENTREPRENEURIALCONCEPTS AND CONTEXTS1 Cash flow management 11Garrison LaDuca2 Corporate entrepreneurship 15Matthew J. Mazzei3 Entrepreneurial exits 21Kaushik Gala and Manjot S. Bhussar4 Family business anddigitalization 25Sonia M. Strano5 Family business branding 30Sonia M. Strano6 Founding teams 36J. Daniel Aldave and JasmineN. Kelley7 Funding pitches 42Franz T. Lohrke8 Inequities in financial capitalaccess 46William G. Obenauer9 Initial public offerings 50Majid Rahimi10 Key financial metrics for newand small businesses 56Kyle W. Outlaw11 Social entrepreneurship 62Franz T. Lohrke and Patrick J. Murphy12 Strategic entrepreneurship 68Matthew J MazzeiPART II ENTREPRENEURSHIPTHEORIES ANDTHEORETICALFRAMEWORKS13 Absorptive capacity 74Jose Santiago-Anadón andMatthew J. Mazzei14 Agency theory 79Athina Skiadopoulou andMajid Rahimi15 Attention-based view of thefirm 85Athina Skiadopoulou16 Dark personality traits 91Tyler N. A. Fezzey17 Decision-Making Biases andHeuristics 97Sana Zafar and Katie C. Alexander18 Entrepreneurial alertness 101Art Carden and Reginald J. Harris19 Entrepreneurial ecosystems anddigitization 107Yu Liu, Lei Xu, and ChristinaTheodoraki20 Entrepreneurial identity 113Kate McCombs21 Entrepreneurial orientation 117Joshua V. White and MatthewJ. Mazzei22 Entrepreneurial passion 123Ying Schwarte and Jasmine N. Kelley23 Entrepreneurial resilience 127Debby Osias24 Entrepreneurial self-efficacy 133Kate McCombs25 External enablers: the role ofdigital technologies 136Per Davidsson26 Individual entrepreneurialorientation 139Tyler N. A. Fezzey and Joshua V. White27 Opportunity evaluation 145Eduardo A. Meléndez andMatthew S. Wood28 Opportunity exploitation 150Franz T. Lohrke29 Opportunity recognition 155Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquitaand Joseph J. Cabral30 Optimal distinctiveness 160Franz T. Lohrke31 Signaling theory 163Josue Reynoso32 Social capital 169Reginald Harris33 Social cognitive theory 173Katie C. Alexander and Sana Zafar34 Spatial thinking anddigital geospatial tools forentrepreneurship 176William J. Ritchie, JosephKerski and Franz T. LohrkePART III DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIESAND APPLICATIONS35 Additive manufacturingin entrepreneurship anddigitalization 185Alexandra Q. Lohrke36 Artificial intelligence: a broadoverview 187Cynthia Frownfelter-Lohrke37 Artificial intelligence: creativeeffects 191Shafagh Rezaei and WilliamG. Obenauer38 Artificial intelligence:implications for competitiveadvantage 195Jasmine N. Kelleyand Franz T. Lohrke39 Artificial intelligence’s role asan external enabler 202Joseph Fox40 Big data 205Franz T. Lohrke41 Blockchain 210Franz T. Lohrke42 Chatbots 215Jasmine N. Kelley43 Crowdfunding 219Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquitaand Shane W. Reid44 Crowdsourcing 224Mariza Gabriela L. Mesquita45 Digital affordances andentrepreneurial action 229Petrit Ademi46 Digital platforms 233Franz T. Lohrke, LaKami T.Baker, and Qiongrui (Missy) Yao47 Entrepreneurial applications ofgenerative artificial intelligence 239Jeremy C. Short48 Gig economy 242Franz T. Lohrke49 Industry 4.0 246Adam R. Ficken50 Internet of Things 252Franz T. Lohrke51 Modularity in digitaltechnologies 256Josue Reynoso52 Omnichannel marketing 261Franz T. Lohrke53 Online influencers’ rolein building new venturelegitimacy 266Kevin Heupel, Duygu Philips,and Matthew W. Rutherford54 Paradoxical entrepreneurialdecision-making amongst high-and low-technology ventures 273Jonathan C. Preedom andAmy E. Ingram55 Search engine optimization 280Franz T. Lohrke56 Social media platforms 284Franz T. Lohrke