Divided We Stand

Bruce Nelson is Professor of History at Dartmouth College. His first book, Workers on the Waterfront, was awarded the Frederick Jackson Turner Prize by the Organization of American Historians.

• Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Permissions xvii INTRODUCTION "Something in the 'Atmosphere' of America" xix PART ONE: Longshoremen 1 CHAPTER 1 The Logic and Limits of Solidarity, 1850s-1920s 3 CHAPTER 2 New York: "They ... Helped to Create Themselves Out of What They Found Around Them" 46 CHAPTER 3 Waterfront Unionism and "Race Solidarity": From the Crescent City to the City of Angels 89 PART TWO: Steelworkers 143 CHAPTER 4 Ethnicity and Race in Steel's Nonunion Era 145 CHAPTER 5 "Regardless of Creed, Color or Nationality": Steelworkers and Civil Rights (I) 185 CHAPTER 6 "We Are Determined to Secure Justice Now": Steelworkers and Civil Rights (II) 219 CHAPTER 7 "The Steel Was Hot, the Jobs Were Dirty, and It Was War": Class, Race, and Working-Class Agency in Youngstown 251 EPILOGUE "Other Energies, Other Dreams": Toward a New labor Movement 287 NOTES 297 INDEX 377

"A superbly written, intellectually exciting and pioneering book ... Nelson weds detailed research with indepth interviews, oral histories and his own first-hand experience ... With grace and acuity, Nelson unites his far-ranging concerns [and] successfully argues that race and ethnicity have long been central issues in the labor movement ... This book has the potential to profoundly change how we read and think about American history."--Publishers Weekly "This study moves labor historians one step closer to the overarching synthesis that has eluded them for over 30 years ... This is an important piece of scholarship that deserves wide attention and debate."--Choice "A powerful and disturbing book about the nature of race relations in working-class America."--Peter Cole, History: Reviews of New Books "A valuable contribution to the increasingly acrimonious debate over the meaning, content, and significance of white racial identity in American labor history."--Steven A. Reich, Journal of Southern History "By placing working-class white racism and black resistance strategies at the forefront of his study, Nelson's Divided We Stand reinforces recent scholarship on the interplay of class and race formation in nineteenth and twentieth century United States and African American history."--Joe W. Trotter, Journal of American Ethnic History "A landmark study of race and trade unionism in longshoring and steel from the rise of heavy industry in the late 1800s to its decline in the 1980s... Nelson digs deeply into archival sources and oral interviews to describe real workers and their shop-floor experience in compelling detail."--Frank Towers, The Historian