Biomedical Materials and Diagnostic Devices

Ashutosh Tiwari is an assistant professor of nanobioelectronics at Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM-Linköping University, Sweden, as well as Editor-in-Chief of Advanced Materials Letters. He has published more than 125 articles and patents as well as authored/edited books in the field of materials science and technology.Murugan Ramalingam is an associate professor of biomaterials and tissue engineering at the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), France. Concurrently, he holds an adjunct associate professorship at Tohoku University, Japan. He has authored more than 125 publications and is Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Bionanoscience and Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering.Hisatoshi Kobayashi is group leader of Biofunctional Materials at Biomaterials Centre, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. He has published more than 150 publications, books and patents in the field of biomaterials science and technology, as well as edited/authored three books on the advanced state-of-the-art of biomaterials.Professor Anthony P. F. Turner is currently Head of Division, FM-Linköping University's new Centre for Biosensors and Bioelectronics. His previous thirty-five-year academic career in the United Kingdom culminated in the positions of Principal (Rector) of Cranfield University and Distinguished Professor of Biotechnology. Professor Turner has more than 600 publications and patents in the field of biosensors and biomimetic sensors and is best known for his role in the development of glucose sensors for home-use by people with diabetes. He published the first textbook on Biosensors in 1987 and is Editor-In-Chief of the principal journal in his field, Biosensors & Bioelectronics, which he cofounded in 1985.

• Preface xvPart I: Biomedical Materials1. Application of the Collagen as Biomaterials 3Kwangwoo Nam and Akio Kishida1.1 Introduction 31.2 Structural Aspect of Native Tissue 51.3 Processing of Collagen Matrix 81.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 142. Biological and Medical Significance of Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates 19Sergey V. Dorozhkin2.1 Introduction 192.2 General Information on ?Nano? 212.3 Micron- and Submicron-Sized Calcium Orthophosphates versus the Nanodimensional Ones 232.4 Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates in Calcified Tissues of Mammals 262.5 The Structure of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Apatites 282.6 Synthesis of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates 342.7 Biomedical Applications of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates 472.8 Other Applications of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates 582.9 Summary and Perspectives 582.10 Conclusions 613. Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Thin Film: From Conventional To Advanced Biomedical and Bioanalytical Applications 101Wing Cheung MAK3.1 State-of-the-art LbL Technology 1013.2 Principle of Biomaterials Based Lbl Architecture 1023.3 LbL Thin Film for Biomaterials and Biomedical Implantations 1033.4 LbL Thin Film for Biosensors and Bioassays 1053.5 LbL Thin Film Architecture on Colloidal Materials 1073.6 LbL Thin Film for Drug Encapsulation and Delivery 1083.7 LbL Thin Film Based Micro/Nanoreactor 1104. Polycaprolactone based Nanobiomaterials 115Narendra K. Singh and Pralay Maiti4.1 Introduction 1154.2 Preparation of Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites 1184.3 Characterization of Poly(caprolactone) Nanocomposites 1194.4 Properties 1234.5 Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery Application 1414.6 Conclusion 150 Acknowledgement 1505. Bone Substitute Materials in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery ? Properties and Use in Clinic 157Esther M.M. Van Lieshout5.1 Introduction 1585.2 Types of Bone Grafts 1595.3 Bone Substitute Materials 1615.4 Combinations with Osteogenic and Osteoinductive Materials 1715.5 Discussion and Conclusion 1736. Surface Functionalized Hydrogel Nanoparticles 191Mehrdad Hamidi, Hajar Ashrafi and Amir Azadi6.1 Hydrogel Nanoparticles 1916.2 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan 1936.3 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Alginate 1946.4 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol) 1956.5 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Poly(ethylene Oxide) and Poly(ethyleneimine) 1966.6 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Poly(vinyl Pyrrolidone) 1986.7 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamide 1986.8 Smart Hydrogel Nanoparticles 1996.9 Self-assembled Hydrogel Nanoparticles 2006.10 Surface Functionalization 2016.11 Surface Functionalized Hydrogel Nanoparticles 205Part II: Diagnostic Devices7. Utility and Potential Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine 215Ravindra P. Singh, Jeong -Woo Choi, Ashutosh Tiwari and Avinash Chand Pandey7.1 Introduction 2157.2 Nanoparticle Coatings 2187.3 Cyclic Peptides 2207.4 Dendrimers 2217.5 Fullerenes/Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene 2277.6 Functional Drug Carriers 2297.7 MRI Scanning Nanoparticles 2337.8 Nanoemulsions 2357.9 Nanofibers 2367.10 Nanoshells 2397.11 Quantum Dots 2407.12 Nanoimaging 2487.13 Inorganic Nanoparticles 2487.14 Conclusion 2508. Gold Nanoparticle-based Electrochemical Biosensors for Medical Applications 261Ülkü Anik8.1 Introduction 2618.2 Electrochemical Biosensors 2628.3 Conclusion 2729. Impedimetric DNA Sensing Employing Nanomaterials 277Manel del Valle and Alessandra Bonanni9.1 Introduction 2779.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Genosensing 2809.3 Nanostructured Carbon Used in Impedimetric Genosensors 2869.4 Nanostructured Gold Used in Impedimetric Genosensors 2909.5 Quantum Dots for Impedimetric Genosensing 2939.6 Impedimetric Genosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnosis 2939.7 Conclusions (Past, Present and Future Perspectives) 29410. Bionanocomposite Matrices in Electrochemical Biosensors 301Ashutosh Tiwari, Atul Tiwari10.1 Introduction 30110.2 Fabricationof SiO2-CHIT/CNTs Bionanocomposites 30310.3 Preparation of Bioelectrodes 30410.4 Characterizations 30510.5 Electrocatalytic Properties 30710.6 Photometric Response 31510.7 Conclusions 31611. Biosilica? Nanocomposites - Nanobiomaterials for Biomedical Engineering and Sensing Applications 321Nikos Chaniotakis, Raluca Buiculescu11.1 Introduction 32111.2 Silica Polymerization Process 32311.3 Biocatalytic Formation of Silica 32511.4 Biosilica Nanotechnology 32711.5 Applications 32811.6 Conclusions 33412. Molecularly Imprinted Nanomaterial-based Highly Sensitive and Selective Medical Devices 337Bhim Bali Prasad and Mahavir Prasad Tiwari12.1 Introduction 33712.2 Molecular Imprinted Polymer Technology 34012.3 Molecularly Imprinted Nanomaterials 36012.4 Molecularly Imprinted Nanomaterial-based Sensing Devices 36212.5 Conclusion 37913. Immunosensors for Diagnosis of Cardiac Injury 391Swapneel R. Deshpande, Aswathi Anto Antony, Ashutosh Tiwari, Emilia Wiechec, Ulf Dahlström, Anthony P.F. Turner13.1 Immunosensor 39113.2 Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Biomarkers 39213.3 Immunosensors for Troponin 39913.4 Conclusions 404Part III: Drug Delivery and Therapeutics14. Ground-Breaking Changes in Mimetic and Novel Nanostructured Composites for Intelligent-, Adaptive- and In vivo-responsive Drug Delivery Therapies 411Dipak K. Sarker14. 1 Introduction 41114.2 Obstacles to the Clinician 42014.3 Hurdles for the Pharmaceuticist 42814.4 Nanostructures 43114.5 Surface Coating 43514.7 Formulation Conditions and Parameters 43914.8 Delivery Systems 44014.9 Evaluation 44314.10 Conclusions 44715. Progress of Nanobiomaterials for Theranostic Systems 451Dipendra Gyawali, Michael Palmer, Richard T. Tran and Jian Yang15.1 Introduction 45115.2 Design Concerns for Theranostic Nanosystems 45615.3 Designing a Smart and Functional Theranostic System 45915.4 Materials for Theranostic System 46215.5 Theranostic Systems and Applications 47415.6 Future Outlook 48116. Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy 493Mousa Jafari, Bahram Zargar, M. Soltani, D. Nedra Karunaratne, Brian Ingalls, P. Chen16.1 Introduction 49316.2 Peptides for Nucleic Acid and Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy 49416.3 Lipid Carriers 49916.4 Polymeric Carriers 50616.5 Bactria Mediated Cancer Therapy 51416.6 Conclusion 519Part IV: Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration 53117. The Evolution of Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and the Role of Nonobiotecnology in the Development of Intelligent Abdominal Wall Mesh 533Cherif Boutros, Hany F. Sobhi and Nader Hanna17.1 The Complex Structure of the Abdominal Wall 53417.2 Need for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction 53517.3 Failure of Primary Repair 53517.4 Limitations of the Synthetic Meshes 53617.5 Introduction of Biomaterials To Overcome Synthetic Mesh Limitations 53717.6 Ideal Material for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction 53817.7 Role of Bionanotechnology in Providing the17.7 Future Directions 54218. Poly(Polyol Sebacate)-based Elastomeric Nanobiomaterials for Soft Tissue Engineering 545Qizhi Chen18.1 Introduction 54518.2 Poly(polyol sebacate) Elastomers 54718.3 Elastomeric Nanocomposites 56218.4 Summary 56919. Electrospun Nanomatrix for Tissue Regeneration 577Debasish Mondal and Ashutosh Tiwari19.1 Introduction 57719.2 Electrosun Nanomatrix 57819.3 Polymeric Nanomatrices for Tissue Engineering 58019.4 Biocompatibility of the Nanomatrix 58119.5 Electrospun Nanomatrices for Tissue Engineering 58319.6 Status and Prognosis 59220. Conducting Polymer Composites for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 597Yashpal Sharma, Ashutosh Tiwari and Hisatoshi Kobayashi20.1 Introduction 59820.3 Synthesis of Conducting Polymers 59920.4 Application of Conducting Polymer in Tissue Engineering 60020.5 Polypyrrole 60020.6 Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) 60220.7 Polyaniline 60320.8 Carbon Nanotube 60520.9 Future Prospects and Conclusions 60721. Cell Patterning Technologies for Tissue Engineering 611Azadeh Seidi and Murugan Ramalingam21.1 Introduction 61121.2 Patterned Co-culture Techniques 61221.3 Applications of Co-cultures in Tissue Engineering 61821.4 Concluding Remarks 619Acknowledgements 619References 620Index 000