WCDMA for UMTS

Dr. Harri Holma, Principal Engineer at Nokia Siemens Networks, Finland. Antti Toskala, Head of 3GPP Radio Standardization, Nokia Siemens Networks, Finland.Harri Holma and Antti Toskala both work on cutting edge technologies for mobile communications today. They co-edited the books LTE for UMTS - OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio Access, HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS: High Speed Radio Access for Mobile Communications and WCDMA for UMTS, 4th edition.

• Preface xviiAcknowledgements xixAbbreviations xxi1 Introduction 1Harri Holma and Antti Toskala1.1 WCDMA Early Phase 11.2 HSPA Introduction and Data Growth 21.3 HSPA Deployments Globally 41.4 HSPA Evolution 51.5 HSPA Network Product 61.6 HSPA Future Outlook 7References 82 UMTS Services 9Harri Holma, Martin Kristensson, Jouni Salonen, Antti Toskala and Tommi Uitto2.1 Introduction 92.2 Voice 112.3 Video Telephony 182.4 Messaging 212.5 Mobile Email 222.6 Browsing 232.7 Application and Content Downloading 242.8 Streaming 262.9 Gaming 262.10 Mobile Broadband for Laptop and Netbook Connectivity 272.11 Social Networking 302.12 Mobile TV 312.13 Location-Based Services 322.14 Machine-to-Machine Communications 342.15 Quality of Service (QoS) Differentiation 352.16 Maximum Air Interface Capacity 402.17 Terminals 442.18 Tariff Schemes 45References 453 Introduction to WCDMA 47Peter Muszynski and Harri Holma3.1 Introduction 473.2 Summary of the Main Parameters in WCDMA 473.3 Spreading and Despreading 493.4 Multipath Radio Channels and Rake Reception 513.5 Power Control 553.6 Softer and Soft Handovers 57References 594 Background and Standardization of WCDMA 61Antti Toskala4.1 Introduction 614.2 Background in Europe 614.3 Background in Japan 644.4 Background in Korea 654.5 Background in the United States 654.6 Creation of 3GPP 674.7 How Does 3GPP Operate? 684.8 Creation of 3GPP2 694.9 Harmonization Phase 694.10 IMT-2000 Process in ITU 704.11 Beyond 3GPP Release 99 WCDMA 704.12 Industry Convergence with LTE and LTE-Advanced 72References 735 Radio Access Network Architecture 75Fabio Longoni, Atte Länsisalmi and Antti Toskala5.1 Introduction 755.2 UTRAN Architecture 785.3 General Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces 805.4 Iu, the UTRAN–CN Interface 815.5 UTRAN Internal Interfaces 875.6 UTRAN Enhancements and Evolution 915.7 UMTS CN Architecture and Evolution 93References 956 Physical Layer 97Antti Toskala6.1 Introduction 976.2 Transport Channels and Their Mapping to the Physical Channels 986.3 Spreading and Modulation 1026.4 User Data Transmission 1106.5 Signaling 1216.6 Physical Layer Procedures 1266.7 Terminal Radio Access Capabilities 1366.8 Conclusion 138References 1397 Radio Interface Protocols 141Jukka Vialén and Antti Toskala7.1 Introduction 1417.2 Protocol Architecture 1427.3 The Medium Access Control Protocol 1437.4 The Radio Link Control Protocol 1477.5 The Packet Data Convergence Protocol 1507.6 The Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol 1517.7 Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service 1527.8 The Radio Resource Control Protocol 1537.9 Early UE Handling Principles 1707.10 Improvements for Call Set-up Time Reduction 170References 1718 Radio Network Planning 173Harri Holma, Zhi-Chun Honkasalo, Seppo Hämäläinen, Jaana Laiho, Kari Sipilä and Achim Wacker8.1 Introduction 1738.2 Dimensioning 1748.3 Capacity and Coverage Planning and Optimization 1948.4 GSM Co-planning 2028.5 Inter-Operator Interference 2048.6 WCDMA Frequency Variants 2108.7 UMTS Refarming to GSM Band 2118.8 Interference between GSM and UMTS 2148.9 Remaining GSM Voice Capacity 2158.10 Shared Site Solutions with GSM and UMTS 2168.11 Interworking of UMTS900 and UMTS2100 217References 2189 Radio Resource Management 219Harri Holma, Klaus Pedersen, Jussi Reunanen, Janne Laakso and Oscar Salonaho9.1 Introduction 2199.2 Power Control 2209.3 Handovers 2329.4 Measurement of Air Interface Load 2469.5 Admission Control 2509.6 Load Control (Congestion Control) 252References 25310 Packet Scheduling 255Jeroen Wigard, Harri Holma, Renaud Cuny, Nina Madsen, Frank Frederiksen and Martin Kristensson10.1 Introduction 25510.2 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 25510.3 Round Trip Time 26110.4 User-Specific Packet Scheduling 26410.5 Cell-Specific Packet Scheduling 27210.6 Packet Data System Performance 27510.7 Packet Data Application Performance 280References 29111 Physical Layer Performance 293Harri Holma, Jussi Reunanen, Leo Chan, Preben Mogensen, Klaus Pedersen, Kari Horneman, Jaakko Vihriälä and Markku Juntti11.1 Introduction 29311.2 Cell Coverage 29311.3 Downlink Cell Capacity 30411.4 Capacity Trials 31311.5 3GPP Performance Requirements 33011.6 Performance Enhancements 334References 34912 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access 353Antti Toskala, Harri Holma, Troels Kolding, Preben Mogensen, Klaus Pedersen and Jussi Reunanen12.1 Introduction 35312.2 Release 99 WCDMA Downlink Packet Data Capabilities 35312.3 The HSDPA Concept 35412.4 HSDPA Impact on Radio Access Network Architecture 35612.5 Release 4 HSDPA Feasibility Study Phase 35712.6 HSDPA Physical Layer Structure 35712.7 HSDPA Terminal Capability and Achievable Data Rates 36512.8 Mobility with HSDPA 36612.9 HSDPA Performance 37012.10 HSPA Link Budget 38012.11 HSDPA Iub Dimensioning 38212.12 HSPA Round Trip Time 38412.13 Terminal Receiver Aspects 38412.14 Evolution in Release 6 38612.15 Conclusion 388References 38813 High-Speed Uplink Packet Access 391Antti Toskala, Harri Holma and Karri Ranta-aho13.1 Introduction 39113.2 Release 99 WCDMA Downlink Packet Data Capabilities 39113.3 The HSUPA Concept 39213.4 HSUPA Impact on Radio Access Network Architecture 39313.5 HSUPA Feasibility Study Phase 39513.6 HSUPA Physical Layer Structure 39513.7 E-DCH and Related Control Channels 39613.8 HSUPA Physical Layer Operation Procedure 40013.9 HSUPA Terminal Capability 40213.10 HSUPA Performance 40313.11 Conclusion 408References 40814 Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) 409Harri Holma, Martin Kristensson and Jorma Kaikkonen14.1 Introduction 40914.2 MBMS Impact on Network Architecture 41214.3 High Level MBMS Procedures 41414.4 MBMS Radio Interface Channel Structure 41514.5 MBMS Terminal Capability 41814.6 MBMS Performance 41914.7 MBMS Deployment and Use Cases 42414.8 Benchmarking of MBMS with DVB-H 42514.9 3GPP MBMS Evolution in Release 7 42614.10 Why Did MBMS Fail? 42614.11 Integrated Mobile Broadcast (IMB) in Release 8 42714.12 Conclusion 428References 42915 HSPA Evolution 431Harri Holma, Karri Ranta-aho and Antti Toskala15.1 Introduction 43115.2 Discontinuous Transmission and Reception (DTX/DRX) 43115.3 Circuit Switched Voice on HSPA 43315.4 Enhanced FACH and Enhanced RACH 43715.5 Latency 43915.6 Fast Dormancy 44115.7 Downlink 64QAM 44215.8 Downlink MIMO 44415.9 Transmit Diversity (TxAA) 44715.10 Uplink 16QAM 44815.11 UE Categories 44915.12 Layer 2 Optimization 45015.13 Architecture Evolution 45115.14 Conclusion 452References 45316 HSPA Multicarrier Evolution 455Harri Holma, Karri Ranta-aho and Antti Toskala16.1 Introduction 45516.2 Dual Cell HSDPA in Release 8 45916.3 Dual Cell HSUPA in Release 9 46116.4 Dual Cell HSDPA with MIMO in Release 9 46216.5 Dual Band HSDPA in Release 9 46316.6 Three and Four Carrier HSDPA in Release 10 46416.7 UE Categories 46516.8 Conclusion 465References 46617 UTRAN Long-Term Evolution 467Antti Toskala and Harri Holma17.1 Introduction 46717.2 Multiple Access and Architecture Decisions 46817.3 LTE Impact on Network Architecture 47017.4 LTE Multiple Access 47117.5 LTE Physical Layer Design and Parameters 47617.6 LTE Physical Layer Procedures 47917.7 LTE Protocols 48317.8 Performance 48717.9 LTE Device Categories 49217.10 LTE-Advanced Outlook 49217.11 Conclusion 494References 49418 TD-SCDMA 495Antti Toskala and Harri Holma18.1 Introduction 49518.2 Differences in the Network-Level Architecture 49718.3 TD-SCDMA Physical Layer 49718.4 TD-SCDMA Data Rates 50418.5 TD-SCDMA Physical Layer Procedures 50518.6 TD-SCDMA Interference and Co-existence Considerations 50818.7 Conclusion and Future Outlook on TD-SCDMA 512References 51219 Home Node B and Femtocells 515Troels Kolding, Hanns-Jürgen Schwarzbauer, Johanna Pekonen, Karol Drazynski, Jacek Gora, Maciej Pakulski, Patryk Pisowacki, Harri Holma and Antti Toskala19.1 Introduction 51519.2 Home Node B Specification Work 51719.3 Technical Challenges of Uncoordinated Mass Deployment 51819.4 Home Node B Architecture 51919.5 Closed Subscriber Group 52319.6 Home Node B-Related Mobility 52419.7 Home Node B Deployment and Interference Mitigation 52919.8 Home Node B Evolution 54519.9 Conclusion 545References 54620 Terminal RF and Baseband Design Challenges 547Laurent Noël, Dominique Brunel, Antti Toskala and Harri Holma20.1 Introduction 54720.2 Transmitter Chain System Design Challenges 54920.3 Receiver Chain Design Challenges 55520.4 Improving Talk-Time with DTX/DRX 56720.5 Multi-Mode/Band Challenges 58220.6 Conclusion 590References 590Index 593