LTE for UMTS

Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, Nokia Siemens Networks, Finland

• Preface xviiAcknowledgements xixList of Abbreviations xxi1 Introduction 1Harry Holma and Antti Toskala1.1 Mobile Voice Subscriber Growth 11.2 Mobile Data Usage Growth 11.3 Evolution of Wireline Technologies 31.4 Motivation and Targets for LTE 41.5 Overview of LTE 51.6 3GPP Family of Technologies 61.7 Wireless Spectrum 81.8 New Spectrum Identified by WRC-07 91.9 LTE-Advanced 102 LTE Standardization 13Antti Toskala2.1 Introduction 132.2 Overview of 3GPP Releases and Process 132.3 LTE Targets 152.4 LTE Standardization Phases 162.5 Evolution Beyond Release 8 182.6 LTE-Advanced for IMT-Advanced 202.7 LTE Specifications and 3GPP Structure 20References 213 System Architecture Based on 3GPP SAE 23Atte L¨ansisalmi and Antti Toskala3.1 System Architecture Evolution in 3GPP 233.2 Basic System Architecture Configuration with only E-UTRAN Access Network 253.3 System Architecture with E-UTRAN and Legacy 3GPP Access Networks 413.4 System Architecture with E-UTRAN and Non-3GPP Access Networks 463.5 Inter-working with cdma2000® Access Networks 523.6 IMS Architecture 563.7 PCC and QoS 60References 654 Introduction to OFDMA and SC-FDMA and to MIMO in LTE 67Antti Toskala and Timo Lunttila4.1 Introduction 674.2 LTE Multiple Access Background 674.3 OFDMA Basics 704.4 SC-FDMA Basics 764.5 MIMO Basics 804.6 Summary 82References 825 Physical Layer 83Antti Toskala, Timo Lunttila, Esa Tiirola, Kari Hooli, Mieszko Chmiel and Juha Korhonen5.1 Introduction 835.2 Transport Channels and their Mapping to the Physical Channels 835.3 Modulation 855.4 Uplink User Data Transmission 865.5 Downlink User Data Transmission 905.6 Uplink Physical Layer Signaling Transmission 935.7 PRACH Structure 1095.8 Downlink Physical Layer Signaling Transmission 1125.9 Physical Layer Procedures 1205.10 UE Capability Classes and Supported Features 1355.11 Physical Layer Measurements 1365.12 Physical Layer Parameter Configuration 1375.13 Summary 138References 1396 LTE Radio Protocols 141Antti Toskala, Woonhee Hwang and Colin Willcock6.1 Introduction 1416.2 Protocol Architecture 1416.3 The Medium Access Control 1446.4 The Radio Link Control Layer 1476.5 Packet Data Convergence Protocol 1506.6 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 1516.7 X2 Interface Protocols 1696.8 Understanding the RRC ASN.1 Protocol Definition 1726.9 Early UE Handling in LTE 1826.10 Summary 183References 1837 Mobility 185Chris Callender, Harri Holma, Jarkko Koskela and Jussi Reunanen7.1 Introduction 1857.2 Mobility Management in Idle State 1867.3 Intra-LTE Handovers 1907.4 Inter-system Handovers 1987.5 Differences in E-UTRAN and UTRAN Mobility 1997.6 Summary 201References 2018 Radio Resource Management 203Harri Holma, Troels Kolding, Daniela Laselva, Klaus Pedersen, Claudio Rosa and Ingo Viering8.1 Introduction 2038.2 Overview of RRM Algorithms 2038.3 Admission Control and QoS Parameters 2048.4 Downlink Dynamic Scheduling and Link Adaptation 2068.5 Uplink Dynamic Scheduling and Link Adaptation 2168.6 Interference Management and Power Settings 2278.7 Discontinuous Transmission and Reception (DTX/DRX) 2308.8 RRC Connection Maintenance 2338.9 Summary 233References 2349 Self Organizing Networks (SON) 237Krzysztof Kordybach, Seppo Hamalainen, Cinzia Sartori and Ingo Viering9.1 Introduction 2379.2 SON Architecture 2389.3 SON Functions 2419.4 Self-Configuration 2419.5 Self-Optimization and Self-Healing Use Cases 2449.6 3GPP Release 10 Use Cases 2539.7 Summary 254References 25510 Performance 257Harri Holma, Pasi Kinnunen, Istv´an Z. Kov´acs, Kari Pajukoski, Klaus Pedersen and Jussi Reunanen10.1 Introduction 25710.2 Layer 1 Peak Bit Rates 25710.3 Terminal Categories 26010.4 Link Level Performance 26110.5 Link Budgets 26510.6 Spectral Efficiency 27010.7 Latency 28810.8 LTE Refarming to GSM Spectrum 29010.9 Dimensioning 29110.10 Capacity Management Examples from HSPA Networks 29310.11 Summary 299References 30111 LTE Measurements 303Marilynn P. Wylie-Green, Harri Holma, Jussi Reunanen and Antti Toskala11.1 Introduction 30311.2 Theoretical Peak Data Rates 30311.3 Laboratory Measurements 30511.4 Field Measurement Setups 30611.5 Artificial Load Generation 30711.6 Peak Data Rates in the Field 31011.7 Link Adaptation and MIMO Utilization 31111.8 Handover Performance 31311.9 Data Rates in Drive Tests 31511.10 Multi-user Packet Scheduling 31711.11 Latency 32011.12 Very Large Cell Size 32111.13 Summary 323References 32312 Transport 325Torsten Musiol12.1 Introduction 32512.2 Protocol Stacks and Interfaces 32512.3 Transport Aspects of Intra-LTE Handover 33412.4 Transport Performance Requirements 33512.5 Transport Network Architecture for LTE 34012.6 Quality of Service 34212.7 Transport Security 34412.8 Synchronization from Transport Network 34712.9 Base Station Co-location 34812.10 Summary 349References 34913 Voice over IP (VoIP) 351Harri Holma, Juha Kallio, Markku Kuusela, Petteri Lund´en, Esa Malkam¨aki, Jussi Ojala and Haiming Wang13.1 Introduction 35113.2 VoIP Codecs 35113.3 VoIP Requirements 35313.4 Delay Budget 35413.5 Scheduling and Control Channels 35413.6 LTE Voice Capacity 35713.7 Voice Capacity Evolution 36413.8 Uplink Coverage 36513.9 Circuit Switched Fallback for LTE 36813.10 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SR-VCC) 37013.11 Summary 372References 37314 Performance Requirements 375Andrea Ancora, Iwajlo Angelow, Dominique Brunel, Chris Callender, Harri Holma, Peter Muszynski, Earl Mc Cune and Laurent No¨el14.1 Introduction 37514.2 Frequency Bands and Channel Arrangements 37514.3 eNodeB RF Transmitter 38014.4 eNodeB RF Receiver 39214.5 eNodeB Demodulation Performance 39814.6 User Equipment Design Principles and Challenges 40314.7 UE RF Transmitter 41814.8 UE RF Receiver Requirements 42114.9 UE Demodulation Performance 44014.10 Requirements for Radio Resource Management 44614.11 Summary 451References 45215 LTE TDD Mode 455Che Xiangguang, Troels Kolding, Peter Skov, Wang Haiming and Antti Toskala15.1 Introduction 45515.2 LTE TDD Fundamentals 45515.3 TDD Control Design 46215.4 Semi-persistent Scheduling 46915.5 MIMO and Dedicated Reference Signals 47115.6 LTE TDD Performance 47215.7 Evolution of LTE TDD 48315.8 LTE TDD Summary 484References 48416 LTE-Advanced 487Mieszko Chmiel, Mihai Enescu, Harri Holma, Tommi Koivisto, Jari Lindholm, Timo Lunttila, Klaus Pedersen, Peter Skov, Timo Roman, Antti Toskala and Yuyu Yan16.1 Introduction 48716.2 LTE-Advanced and IMT-Advanced 48716.3 Requirements 48816.4 3GPP LTE-Advanced Study Phase 48916.5 Carrier Aggregation 48916.6 Downlink Multi-antenna Enhancements 49616.7 Uplink Multi-antenna Techniques 50216.8 Heterogeneous Networks 50616.9 Relays 50816.10 Release 11 Outlook 51216.11 Conclusions 513References 51317 HSPA Evolution 515Harri Holma, Karri Ranta-aho and Antti Toskala17.1 Introduction 51517.2 Discontinuous Transmission and Reception (DTX/DRX) 51517.3 Circuit Switched Voice on HSPA 51717.4 Enhanced FACH and RACH 52017.5 Downlink MIMO and 64QAM 52117.6 Dual Cell HSDPA and HSUPA 52417.7 Multicarrier and Multiband HSDPA 52617.8 Uplink 16QAM 52717.9 Terminal Categories 52817.10 Layer 2 Optimization 52917.11 Single Frequency Network (SFN) MBMS 53117.12 Architecture Evolution 53117.13 Summary 533References 535Index 537

"Written by experts actively involved in the 3GPP standards and product development, LTE for UMTS, Second Edition gives a complete and up-to-date overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE) in a systematic and clear manner. Building upon on the success of the first edition, LTE for UMTS, Second Edition has been revised to now contain improved coverage of the Release 8 LTE details, including field performance results, transport network, self optimized networks and also covering the enhancements done in 3GPP Release 9." (FierceTelecom, 17 August 2011)