Hideaki Takagi, Tsukuba, Japan is a Professor in the School of Systems and Information Engineering and Chair of the Master's Program in Business Administration and Public Policy at the University of Tsukuba. He is the author of research monographs Analysis of Polling Systems (The MIT Press, 1986), and Queueing Analysis: A Foundation of Performance Evaluation, Volumes 1-3 (Elsevier, 1991-1993). He has published over 70 papers in refereed journals. He is IEEE Fellow (1996) and IFIP Silver Core Holder (2001). Bernhard H Walke, Aachen, Germany is the Chair for Communication Networks at Aachen University (RWTH), Germany since 13 years. He has published more than 110 reviewed conference papers, 25 journal papers and seven textbooks on the architecture, traffic performance evaluation, and design of future communication systems. He has been a board member of ITG/VDE and is Senior Member of IEEE.

• About the Series Editors xiPreface xiii1 Introduction 1Bernhard H. Walke and Hitoshi Yoshino1.1 Trends in Mobile Communication 11.2 Trends in Spectrum Usage 141.3 Spectrum Allocation: Why and How 192 Utilization of Radio Frequencies 21Hitoshi Yoshino, Naoto Matoba, Pekka Ojanen and Bernhard H. Walke2.1 Spectrum Usage Overview 212.2 Spectrum Management by ITU 262.3 Radio Communication Services 332.4 Radio Communication Systems 353 Spectrum Requirement Calculation for IMT-2000 45Hideaki Takagi3.1 Model 463.2 Input Parameters 493.3 Methodology 563.4 Sequel to the Story 704 Spectrum Requirement Calculation for IMT-Advanced 73Marja Matinmikko, Jorg Huschke, Tim Irnich, Naoto Matoba, Jussi Ojala, Pekka Ojanen, Hideaki Takagi, Bernhard H. Walke and Hitoshi Yoshino4.1 Overview 744.2 Models and Input Parameters 794.3 Methodology 844.4 Summary of Methodology for IMT-Advanced 985 Calculation Tool Package 101Marja Matinmikko, Jorg Huschke and Jussi Ojala5.1 Description and Use of Software Tool 1015.2 Front Sheet of Software Tool 1025.3 Inputs to Software Tool 1055.4 Intermediate Calculation Steps 1075.5 Outputs from Software Tool 1106 Market Data 113Marja Matinmikko and Mitsuhiro Azuma6.1 Collection of Market Data 1146.2 Use of Market Parameters in the Methodology 1206.3 Analysis of Collected Market Data 1236.4 Example Input Market Parameter Value Set 1297 Radio-Related Input Parameters 133Marja Matinmikko, Pekka Ojanen and Jussi Ojala7.1 RAT Group Approach 1337.2 Use of Radio Parameters in the Methodology 1367.3 Example Input Radio Parameter Value Set 1428 Numerical Examples 149Tim Irnich, Marja Matinmikko, Jussi Ojala and Bernhard H. Walke8.1 Packet Size Statistics and QoS Requirements 1508.2 Traffic Demand Derived from Market Data 1518.3 Traffic Distribution Ratios 1548.4 Offered Traffic per RAT Group and Radio Environment 1568.5 Required System Capacity 1588.6 Required Spectrum 1639 Capacity Dimensioning to Meet Delay Percentile Requirements 167Tim Irnich and Bernhard H. Walke9.1 Delay Percentile Evaluation 1689.2 Service Time Distribution in IP-Based Communication Systems 1709.3 Waiting Time Distribution in M/G/1 Queues 1719.4 Delay DF Approximation 1809.5 Accuracy of Gamma and H2Approximations 1819.6 Impact of Percentile Requirements on System Capacity 1899.7 Conclusion 19210 Epilog: Result ofWRC-07 193Hitoshi YoshinoAppendices 199Appendix A Derivation of Formulas by Queueing Theory 201Hideaki TakagiA.1 Erlang-B Formula for a Loss System 202A.2 Erlang-C Formula for a Delay System 204A.3 Multidimensional Erlang-B Formula 207A.4 M/G/1 Non preemptive Priority Queue 215Appendix B Example Market Study Parameter Values 219Appendix C List of Acronyms and Symbols 227C.1 Acronyms 227C.2 Symbols 235Appendix D ITU-R Documents and Web Sites 241D.1 ITU-R Recommendations 241D.2 ITU-R Reports 242D.3 Other ITU-R Documents 242D.4 WebSites 243Bibliography 245Index 247

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