Sheep pox and goat pox are among the most economically devastating poxvirus diseases of small ruminants, threatening rural livelihoods, food security, and trade across Africa, the Near East, Europe and Asia. This field manual provides veterinarians and animal health professionals with clear, practical guidance for the early detection, control and prevention of these transboundary diseases in endemic and at-risk countries. Digital editions of FAO publications are available on the FAO website as part of FAO’s Open Access policy.