Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council

• Front MatterExecutive Summary1 IntroductionPart I Current Approaches to Risk Assessment: 2 Risk Assessment and its Social and Regulatory Contexts3 Exposure Assessment4 Assessment of Toxicity5 Risk CharacterizationPart II Strategies for Improving Risk Assessment: 6 Default Options7 Models, Methods, and Data8 Data Needs9 Uncertainty10 Variability11 AggregationPart III Implementation of Findings: 12 ImplementationReferencesAppendix A: Risk Assessment Methodologies: EPAAppendix B: EPA Memorandum from Henry HabichtAppendix C: Calculation and Modeling of ExposureAppendix D: Working Paper for Considering Draft Revisions to the U.S. EPA Guidelines for Cancer Risk AssessmentAppendix E: Use of Pharmacokinetics to Extrapolate from Animal Data to HumansAppendix F: Uncertainty Analysis of Health Risk EstimatesAppendix G: Improvement in Human Health Risk Assessment Utilizing Site- and Chemical-Specific Information: A Case StudyAppendix H-1: Some Definitional Concerns About VariabilityAppendix H-2: Individual Susceptibility FactorsAppendix I: AggregationAppendix J: A Tiered Modeling Approach for Assessing the Risks Due to Sources of Hazardous Air PollutantsAppendix K: Science Advisory Board Memorandum on the Integrated Risk Information System and EPA ResponseAppendix L: Development of Data Used in Risk AssessmentAppendix M: Charge to the CommitteeAppendix N-1: The Case for Appendix N-2: Making Full Use of Scientific Information in Risk AssessmentIndex