Review of the Toxicologic and Radiologic Risks to Military Personnel from Exposures to Depleted Uranium During and After Combat

Since the 1980s, the U.S. military has used depleted uranium in munitions and in protective armor on tanks. Depleted uranium is a toxic heavy metal and is weakly radioactive. Concerns have been raised about the adverse health effects from exposure to depleted uranium that is aerosolized during combat. Some think it may be responsible for illnesses in exposed veterans and civilians. These concerns led the Army to commission a book, Depleted Uranium Aerosol Doses and Risks: Summary of U.S. Assessments, referred to as the Capstone Report that evaluates the health risks associated with depleted uranium exposure. This National Research Council book reviews the toxicologic, radiologic, epidemiologic, and toxicokinetic data on depleted uranium, and assesses the Army's estimates of health risks to personnel exposed during and after combat. The book recommends that the Army re-evaluate the basis for some of its predictions about health outcomes at low levels of exposure, but, overall, the Capstone Report was judged to provide a reasonable characterization of the exposure and risks from depleted uranium. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction and Technical Background 2 Toxicokinetics of Depleted Uranium 3 Toxic Effects of Uranium on the Kidneys 4 Toxic Effects of Uranium on the Lungs 5 Toxic Effects of Uranium on Other Organ Systems 6 Radiologic Effects of Depleted Uranium 7 Uranium Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity 8 Evaluation of the Army's Capstone Report References Appendix A: Biographic Information on the Committee on Toxicologic and Radiologic Effects from Exposure to Depleted Uranium During and After Combat Appendix B: Risk of Selected Cancers and Nonmalignant Diseases in Uranium Workers