Review of the Toxicologic and Radiologic Risks to Military Personnel from Exposures to Depleted Uranium During and After Combat

Since the 1980s, the U.S. military has used depleted uranium in munitions and in protective armor on tanks. Depleted uranium is a toxic heavy metal and is weakly radioactive. Concerns have been raised about the adverse health effects from exposure to depleted uranium that is aerosolized during combat. Some think it may be responsible for illnesses in exposed veterans and civilians. These concerns led the Army to commission a book, Depleted Uranium Aerosol Doses and Risks: Summary of U.S. Assessments, referred to as the Capstone Report that evaluates the health risks associated with depleted uranium exposure. This National Research Council book reviews the toxicologic, radiologic, epidemiologic, and toxicokinetic data on depleted uranium, and assesses the Army's estimates of health risks to personnel exposed during and after combat. The book recommends that the Army re-evaluate the basis for some of its predictions about health outcomes at low levels of exposure, but, overall, the Capstone Report was judged to provide a reasonable characterization of the exposure and risks from depleted uranium. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction and Technical Background2 Toxicokinetics of Depleted Uranium3 Toxic Effects of Uranium on the Kidneys4 Toxic Effects of Uranium on the Lungs5 Toxic Effects of Uranium on Other Organ Systems6 Radiologic Effects of Depleted Uranium7 Uranium Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity8 Evaluation of the Army's Capstone ReportReferencesAppendix A: Biographic Information on the Committee on Toxicologic and Radiologic Effects from Exposure to Depleted Uranium During and After CombatAppendix B: Risk of Selected Cancers and Nonmalignant Diseases in Uranium Workers