Roman Impact on the Economy of the Lower Germanic Limes Region

Erik Timmerman, Ph.D. (2021), University of Cologne, is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Bonn. As a member of the Limes und Legion project, he currently researches Roman burials in Nijmegen East.

• AcknowledgementsList of Figures and Tables1 Introduction1.1 The Debate about Roman Economic Growth1.2 This Book’s Contribution2 Setting the Stage2.1 The Natural Landscape2.2 The Pre-Roman Economy2.3 Conclusions3 The Roman Impact3.1 The Roman Army3.2 Urbanisation3.3 Population Growth3.4 Roman Institutions3.5 Infrastructure3.6 Conclusions4 Agricultural Production4.1 Long-Term Developments4.2 The Villa Landscape4.3 The Non-villa Landscapes4.4 Conclusions5 Non-agricultural Production5.1 Extractive Industries5.2 Manufacturing6 Trade6.1 Amphorae6.2 Terra sigillata6.3 Trade with Other Regions6.4 The Traders6.5 Conclusions7 Living Standards7.1 Housebuilding7.2 Mobile Material Culture7.3 Conclusions8 Final Conclusions8.1 Synthesis8.2 Interpretation8.3 Future ResearchAppendix 1Appendix 2Appendix 3