Managing Health Effects of Beryllium Exposure

Beryllium is a lightweight metal that is used for its exceptional strength and high heat-absorbing capability. Beryllium and its alloys can be found in many important technologies in the defense and aeronautics industries, such as nuclear devices, satellite systems, radar systems, and aircraft bushings and bearings. Pulmonary disease associated with exposure to beryllium has been recognized and studied since the early 1940s, and an occupational guideline for limiting exposure to beryllium has been in place since 1949. Over the last few decades, much has been learned about chronic beryllium disease and factors that contribute to its occurrence in exposed people. Despite reduced workplace exposure, chronic beryllium disease continues to occur. Those developments have led to debates about the adequacy of the long-standing occupational exposure limit for protecting worker health. This book, requested by the U.S. Air Force to help to determine the steps necessary to protect its workforce from the effects of beryllium used in military aerospace applications, reviews the scientific literature on beryllium and outlines an exposure and disease management program for its protecting workers. Table of Contents Front Matter Managing Health Effects of Beryllium Exposure Summary 1 Introduction 2 Exposure Assessment 3 Epidemiologic and Clinical Studies of Beryllium Sensitization and Chronic Beryllium Disease 4 Mechanisms, Genetic Factors, and Animal Models of Chronic Beryllium Disease 5 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity 6 Assessment of Other Health End Points 7 Designing a Beryllium Exposure and Disease-Management Program for Workers in the Air Force References Appendix A: Biographic Information on the Committee on Beryllium Alloy Exposures Appendix B: Air Force Beryllium Program Clinical Decision Logic