Psychological Factors That Contribute to the Dearth of Black Students in Science, Engineering, and Medicine

Efforts over the last several decades to increase the participation and leadership of Black men and women in the scientific and medical workforce have had limited results. Despite many individual successes, the number of Black professionals in science, engineering, and medicine (SEM) fields has not reached a level that corresponds with African Americanrepresentation in the country at large. Structural racism affects progress at all stages along the pathway - from young children through graduate and medical students through faculty and clinicians at all levels. Beyond entry into educational programs or recruitment into workplaces seeking to diversify, challenges persist to achieve equity and inclusion for Black males and females. Moreover, psychological barriers confound the engagement of Black men and women in SEM fields.To explore these issues and suggest solutions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine launched the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering,and Medicine. Over the past 2 years, the Roundtable has convened workshops on K-12 education, the impact of COVID-19, financial burdens to pursuing SEM careers, and other topics. Sessions during each of these workshops identified psychological factors related to those specific topics. To have a more targeted discussion, the Roundtable convened a virtual workshop on September 14-15, 2021. As summarized in this proceedings, panelists and participants identified policies and practices that perpetuate these factors and explored solutions toward achieving and maintaining wellness, especially among students and young professionals.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Addressing Mental Health and Socio-Psychological Factors to Increase the Participation of Black Women and Men in SEM3 Early Education as the Pathway to Success: Pre-K to 124 Higher Education and Institutional Changes5 Bringing Systemic Changes through Important Sectors of Influence6 Development and Implementation of Equity-Based Strategies7 Reality-Based Observations from Those on the Pathway8 Moving Forward with UrgencyAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Presenters