Power Magnetic Devices

SCOTT D. SUDHOFF, PhD, is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. He served as Editor-in-Chief of IEEE???s Transactions on Energy Conversion and IEEE???s Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal. He is an IEEE Fellow, recipient of the Veinott award, and co-author of the Wiley-IEEE Press title Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, Third Edition (2013). Dr. Sudhoff also holds patents in the areas of solid-state distribution transformers, stability of power-electronics based systems, and novel electric machine design concepts.

• Author Biography xiiiPreface xvAbout the Companion Site xix1 Optimization-Based Design 11.1 Design Approach 11.2 Mathematical Properties of Objective Functions 31.3 Single-Objective Optimization Using Newton’s Method 51.4 Genetic Algorithms: Review of Biological Genetics 71.5 The Canonical Genetic Algorithm 101.6 Real-Coded Genetic Algorithms 151.7 Multi-Objective Optimization and the Pareto-Optimal Front 251.8 Multi-Objective Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms 271.9 Formulation of Fitness Functions for Design Problems 311.10 A Design Example 33References 39Problems 402 Magnetics and Magnetic Equivalent Circuits 432.1 Ampere’s Law, Magnetomotive Force, and Kirchhoff’s MMF Law for Magnetic Circuits 432.2 Magnetic Flux, Gauss’s Law, and Kirchhoff’s Flux Law for Magnetic Circuits 462.3 Magnetically Conductive Materials and Ohm’s Law For Magnetic Circuits 482.4 Construction of the Magnetic Equivalent Circuit 562.5 Translation of Magnetic Circuits to Electric Circuits: Flux Linkage and Inductance 592.6 Representing Fringing Flux in Magnetic Circuits 642.7 Representing Leakage Flux in Magnetic Circuits 682.8 Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Magnetic Circuits 802.9 Permanent Magnet Materials and Their Magnetic Circuit Representation 952.10 Closing Remarks 98References 98Problems 993 Introduction to Inductor Design 1033.1 Common Inductor Architectures 1033.2 DC Coil Resistance 1053.3 DC Inductor Design 1083.4 Case Study 1133.5 Closing Remarks 119References 120Problems 1204 Force and Torque 1234.1 Energy Storage in Electromechanical Devices 1234.2 Calculation of Field Energy 1254.3 Force from Field Energy 1274.4 Co-Energy 1284.5 Force from Co-Energy 1324.6 Conditions for Conservative Fields 1334.7 Magnetically Linear Systems 1344.8 Torque 1354.9 Calculating Force Using Magnetic Equivalent Circuits 135References 139Problems 1395 Introduction to Electromagnet Design 1415.1 Common Electromagnet Architectures 1415.2 Magnetic, Electric, and Force Analysis of an Ei-Core Electromagnet 1415.3 EI-Core Electromagnet Design 1515.4 Case Study 155References 162Problems 1636 Magnetic Core Loss and Material Characterization 1656.1 Eddy Current Losses 1656.2 Hysteresis Loss and the B–H Loop 1726.3 Empirical Modeling of Core Loss 1776.4 Magnetic Material Characterization 1836.5 Measuring Anhysteretic Behavior 1886.6 Characterizing Behavioral Loss Models 1976.7 Time-Domain Loss Modeling: the Preisach Model 2016.8 Time-Domain Loss Modeling: the Extended Jiles–Atherton Model 205References 211Problems 2127 Transformer Design 2157.1 Common Transformer Architectures 2157.2 T-Equivalent Circuit Model 2177.3 Steady-State Analysis 2217.4 Transformer Performance Considerations 2237.5 Core-Type Transformer Configuration 2317.6 Core-Type Transformer MEC 2387.7 Core Loss 2447.8 Core-Type Transformer Design 2457.9 Case Study 2517.10 Closing Remarks 259References 260Problems 2608 Distributed Windings and Rotating Electric Machinery 2638.1 Describing Distributed Windings 2638.2 Winding Functions 2718.3 Air-Gap Magneto Motive Force 2768.4 Rotating MMF 2788.5 Flux Linkage and Inductance 2808.6 Slot Effects and Carter’s Coefficient 2828.7 Leakage Inductance 2848.8 Resistance 2898.9 Introduction to Reference Frame Theory 2908.10 Expressions for Torque 294References 299Problems 2999 Introduction to Permanent Magnet AC Machine Design 3039.1 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines 3039.2 Operating Characteristics of PMAC Machines 3059.3 Machine Geometry 3129.4 Stator Winding 3179.5 Material Parameters 3209.6 Stator Currents and Control Philosophy 3209.7 Radial Field Analysis 3219.8 Lumped Parameters 3269.9 Ferromagnetic Field Analysis 3279.10 Formulation of Design Problem 3329.11 Case Study 3369.12 Extensions 344References 345Problems 34610 Introduction to Thermal Equivalent Circuits 34910.1 Heat Energy, Heat Flow, and the Heat Equation 34910.2 Thermal Equivalent Circuit of One-Dimensional Heat Flow 35210.3 Thermal Equivalent Circuit of a Cuboidal Region 35810.4 Thermal Equivalent Circuit of a Cylindrical Region 36110.5 Inhomogeneous Regions 36710.6 Material Boundaries 37310.7 Thermal Equivalent Circuit Networks 37610.8 Case Study: Thermal Model of Electromagnet 380References 396Problems 39711 Alternating Current Conductor Losses 39911.1 Skin Effect in Strip Conductors 39911.2 Skin Effect in Cylindrical Conductors 40511.3 Proximity Effect in a Single Conductor 40911.4 Independence of Skin and Proximity Effects 41111.5 Proximity Effect in a Group of Conductors 41311.6 Relating Mean-Squared Field and Leakage Permeance 41611.7 Mean-Squared Field for Select Geometries 41711.8 Conductor Losses in Rotating Machinery 42211.9 Conductor Losses in a UI-Core Inductor 42611.10 Closing Remarks 431References 431Problems 43212 Parasitic Capacitance 43312.1 Modeling Approach 43312.2 Review of Electrostatics 43412.3 Turn-to-Turn Capacitance 44212.4 Coil-to-Core Capacitance 44612.5 Layer-to-Layer Capacitance 44912.6 Capacitance in Multi-Winding Systems 45212.7 Measuring Capacitance 455References 458Problems 45913 Buck Converter Design 46113.1 Buck Converter Analysis 46113.2 Semiconductors 46913.3 Heat Sink 47213.4 Capacitors 47413.5 UI-Core Input Inductor 47613.6 UI-Core Output Inductor 47713.7 Operating Point Analysis 48813.8 Design Paradigm 49213.9 Case Study 49513.10 Extensions 501References 501Problems 50114 Three-Phase Inductor Design 50314.1 System Description 50314.2 Inductor Geometry 51614.3 Magnetic Equivalent Circuit 51814.4 Magnetic Analysis 52914.5 Inductor Design Paradigm 53314.6 Case Study 537References 541Problems 54115 Common-Mode Inductor Design 54315.1 Common-Mode Voltage and Current 54315.2 System Description 54515.3 Common-Mode Equivalent Circuit 54615.4 Common-Mode Inductor Specification 55215.5 UR-Core Common-Mode Inductor 55715.6 UR-Core Common-Mode Inductor Magnetic Analysis 56215.7 Common-Mode Inductor Design Paradigm 56415.8 Common-Mode Inductor Case Study 566References 571Problems 57116 Finite Element Analysis 57316.1 Maxwell’s and Poisson’s Equations 57316.2 Finite Element Analysis Formulation 57516.3 Finite Element Analysis Implementation 58016.4 Closing Remarks 587References 588Problems 588Appendix A Conductor Data and Wire Gauges 589Appendix B Selected Ferrimagnetic Core Data 593Appendix C Selected Magnetic Steel Data 595Appendix D Selected Permanent Magnet Data 599Appendix E Phasor Analysis 601Appendix F Trigonometric Identities 607Index 609