New and improved therapies to treat and protect against drug dependence and abuse are urgently needed. In the United States alone about 50 million people regularly smoke tobacco and another 5 million are addicted to other drugs. In a given year, millions of these individuals attempta "with or without medical assistancea "to quit using drugs, though relapse remains the norm. Furthermore, each year several million teenagers start smoking and nearly as many take illicit drugs for the first time. Research is advancing on promising new means of treating drug addiction using immunotherapies and sustained-release (depot) medications. The aim of this research is to develop medications that can block or significantly attenuate the psychoactive effects of such drugs as cocaine, nicotine, heroin, phencyclidine, and methamphetamine for weeks or months at a time. This represents a fundamentally new therapeutic approach that shows promise for treating drug addiction problems that were difficult to treat in the past. Despite their potential benefits, however, several characteristics of these new methods pose distinct behavioral, ethical, legal, and social challenges that require careful scrutiny.Such issues can be considered unique aspects of safety and efficacy that are fundamentally related to the distinct nature and properties of these new types of medications.
Henrick J. Harwood and Tracy G. Myers, Editors, Committee on Immunotherapies and Sustained-Release Formulations for Treating Drug Addiction, National Research Council
Front MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction and Background2 Clinical Trials3 Treatment, Financing, and Costs4 Behavioral Responses and ConsentReferencesAppendix A: Vaccines and Depot Medications for Drug Addiction: Rationale, Mechanisms of Action, and Treatment ImplicationsAppendix B: What Will We Learn from the FDA Clinical Trials Process and What Will We Still Want to Know About Immunotherapies and Depot Medications to Treat Drug Dependence?Appendix C: Putting Addiction Treatment Medications to Use: Lessons LearnedAppendix D: Adoption of Drug Abuse Treatment Technology in Speciality and Primary Care SettingsAppendix E: The Use of Immunotherapies and Sustained-Release Formulations in the Treatment of Drug Addiction: Will Current Law Support Coercion?Appendix F: Ethical Issues in Immunotherapies and Depot Mechanisms for Substance AbuseAppendix G: Costs and Benefits of Immunotherapies or Depot Medications for the Treatment of Drug AbuseAppendix H: Anticipating Unintended Consequences of Vaccine-Like Immunotherapies for Addictive Drug UseAppendix I: Vaccines and Immunotherapies to Control Addiction in Minors: The Legal FrameworkAppendix J: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff
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